Development and biodiversity conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A spatial analysis

A better understanding of the relationship between economic development and biodiversity loss is of great relevance, given the current rapid extinction of species along with challenges born from the context of economic development in poor countries. The purpose of the current study is to provide a sound analysis, within the framework of an Environmental Kuznets Curve, of the relationship between economic development and pressure on biodiversity. Drawing on the most up-to-date data on threatened species from 48 sub-Saharan African countries, we used Maximum-likelihood and generalized spatial two-stage least-squares estimators to account for spatial-autoregressiveness in the dependent variable, as well as in the explanatory variables and in the disturbances of the models. We find evidence that supports an inverted U-shaped relationship between development and biodiversity imperilment, measured as the percent of threatened bird species. The results also reveal some species-level differences in the biodiversity-development relationship, since the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis doesn't hold for mammals. This analysis contributes to the literature by partially challenging the paradigm of a strictly negative relationship between biodiversity and development in a developing countries context

A spatial econometric approach to spillover effects between protected areas and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon

Etudes & documentsProtected areas are increasingly used as a tool to fight against deforestation. This paper presents new evidence on the spillover effects that occur in the decision to deforest and the creation of protected areas in local administrative entities in Brazilian Legal Amazon over the 2001-2011 period. We also highlight the interdependence between these two decisions. We proceed in two steps. First, we assumed that protected areas are created to stop the negative effects of deforestation on biodiversity. In order to control for the non-random location of protected areas, biodiversity indicators are used as excluded instruments. This model is estimated using a spatial model with instrumental variables. Second, a simultaneous system of spatially interrelated cross sectional equations is used to take into account the interdependence between the decision to deforest and the creation of protected areas. Our results show (i) that deforestation activities of neighboring municipalities are complements and that (ii) there is evidence of leakage in the sense that protected areas may shift deforestation to neighboring municipalities. The net effect of protected areas on deforestation remains however negative; it is moreover stable across two sub-periods. Our results confirm the important role of protected areas to curb deforestation and thereby biodiversity erosion. Moreover, they show that strategic interactions deserve attention in the effectiveness of conservation policies

Paralysie supranucléaire progressive familiale avec mutation G303V du gène de la protéine Tau (description d'une famille)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Development and biodiversity conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A spatial analysis

The current study seeks to provide a sound analysis of the relationship between economic development and speciesloss in Sub-Saharan African countries. The motivation is that a better understanding of the impact of economicdevelopment on species loss is of great relevance, given the current rapid extinction of species along with challengesborn from the context of economic development in poor countries. The analysis draws on the most up-to-date data onthreatened species from 48 sub-Saharan African countries. Assuming that spatial autocorrelation is a typical problemfor biodiversity data, we use Maximum-likelihood estimators to account for spatial-autoregressiveness in the dependentvariable, as well as in the explanatory variables of the models. We find evidence that supports a decrease ofbiodiversity loss, measured as the percent of threatened bird species, with increasing income per capita. The resultsalso reveal some species-level differences in the biodiversity-development relationship, since we find no significantimpact of economic development measured as per capita income on threatened mammal species. This analysiscontributes to the literature by partially challenging the paradigm of a strictly positive relationship between biodiversityloss and economic growth in a developing countries context

Neighborhood effects in the Brazilian Amazônia: Protected areas and deforestation

International audienc

A spatial econometric approach to spillover effects between protected areas and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon

Etudes & documentsProtected areas are increasingly used as a tool to fight against deforestation. This paper presents new evidence on the spillover effects that occur in the decision to deforest and the creation of protected areas in local administrative entities in Brazilian Legal Amazon over the 2001-2011 period. We also highlight the interdependence between these two decisions. We proceed in two steps. First, we assumed that protected areas are created to stop the negative effects of deforestation on biodiversity. In order to control for the non-random location of protected areas, biodiversity indicators are used as excluded instruments. This model is estimated using a spatial model with instrumental variables. Second, a simultaneous system of spatially interrelated cross sectional equations is used to take into account the interdependence between the decision to deforest and the creation of protected areas. Our results show (i) that deforestation activities of neighboring municipalities are complements and that (ii) there is evidence of leakage in the sense that protected areas may shift deforestation to neighboring municipalities. The net effect of protected areas on deforestation remains however negative; it is moreover stable across two sub-periods. Our results confirm the important role of protected areas to curb deforestation and thereby biodiversity erosion. Moreover, they show that strategic interactions deserve attention in the effectiveness of conservation policies

Motor axonal neuropathy associated with GNE mutations

International audienc