Resolution of Cosmological Singularity and a Plausible Mechanism of the Big Bang

The initial cosmological singularity in the framework of the general theory of relativity is resolved by introducing the effect of the uncertainty principle of quantum theory without violating conventional laws of physics. A plausible account of the mechanism of the big bang, analogous to that of a nuclear explosion, is given and the currently accepted Planck temperature of about 10^(32)K at the beginning of the big bang is predicted. Subj-class: cosmology: theory-pre-big bang; mechanism of the big bang.Comment: 5 pages, LaTex, Talk given at INPC 2001. To be published by the American Institute of Physics in the Proceedings of the International Nuclear Physics Conference that took place at the University of California campus in Berkeley, California on July 30-August 3,200

Pulses and Snakes in Ginzburg--Landau Equation

Using a variational formulation for partial differential equations (PDEs) combined with numerical simulations on ordinary differential equations (ODEs), we find two categories (pulses and snakes) of dissipative solitons, and analyze the dependence of both their shape and stability on the physical parameters of the cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE). In contrast to the regular solitary waves investigated in numerous integrable and non-integrable systems over the last three decades, these dissipative solitons are not stationary in time. Rather, they are spatially confined pulse-type structures whose envelopes exhibit complicated temporal dynamics. Numerical simulations reveal very interesting bifurcations sequences as the parameters of the CGLE are varied. Our predictions on the variation of the soliton amplitude, width, position, speed and phase of the solutions using the variational formulation agree with simulation results.Comment: 30 pages, 14 figure

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the Missing Hydrogen Mass in the Universe

It is proposed that when the era of the big-bang nucleosynthesis ended, almost all of the 75 percent of the observed total baryonic matter remained in the form of hydrogen and continued to exist in the form of protons and electrons. They are present today as baryonic dark matter in the form of intergalactic hydrogen plasma. To test our hypothesis we have investigated the effects of Thomson scattering by free electrons on the reported dimming of Type Ia supernovae. The quantitative results of our calculation suggest that the dimming of these supernovae, which are dimmer than expected and hence more distant than predicted by Hubble expansion, is a result of Thomson scattering without cosmic acceleration.Comment: A typographical error in equation (7) page 3 has been correcte

Lepton number violation via intermediate black hole processes

Black holes at the TeV scale are investigated in the extra large dimension scenario. We interpret the lightest black hole excitation as a singlet scalar field, and show how interaction terms can be appended to the standard model at the dimension five non-renormalizable level. Lepton family number violation is natural in this model. Muon magnetic moment, and neutrino masses are investigated. We also present a quantization scheme in n dimensions.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

A survey of airborne radar systems for deployment on a High Altitude Powered Platform (HAPP)

A survey was conducted to find out the system characteristics of commercially available and unclassified military radars suitable for deployment on a stationary platform. A total of ten domestic and eight foreign manufacturers of the radar systems were identified. Questionnaires were sent to manufacturers requesting information concerning the system characteristics: frequency, power used, weight, volume, power radiated, antenna pattern, resolution, display capabilities, pulse repetition frequency, and sensitivity. A literature search was also made to gather the system characteristics information. Results of the survey are documented and comparisons are made among available radar systems

Simulating spatial and temporal variation of corn canopy temperature during an irrigation cycle

The canopy air temperature difference (delta T) which provides an index for scheduling irrigation was examined. The Monteith transpiration equation was combined with both uptake from a single layered root zone and change in internal storage of the plant and the continuity equation for water flux in the soil plant atmosphere system was solved. The model indicates that both daily total transpiration and soil induced depression of plant water potential may be inferred from mid-day delta T. It is suggested that for the soil plant weather data used in the simulation, either a mid day spatial variability of about 0.8K in canopy temperatures or a field averaged delta T of 2 to 4K may be a suitable criterion for irrigation scheduling