Soixante-dix ans d'accroissement de la productivité physique du travail en élevage bovin allaitant Le cas du bassin charolais

International audienceWithin the Charolais area, the leading French region for beef cattle farming, the western part ofSaône-et-Loire (Burgundy, France) is one of the sub-areas where regional specialisation is the mostmarked. Considering the important increase in livestock since the post-war period, this publicationis interested in the ways in which physical labour productivity has increased over the long periodof the contemporary agricultural revolution (1950 to the present). Based on a sample of interviewsconducted with retired or near-retired cattle farmers, this process was decomposed into a mix oftechnical levels, differentiated according to the social modalities of access to resources. Followingthe presentation of the general movement, an illustration, based on three archetypal trajectories,proposes a quantification of these gains in physical productivity, expressed in terms of the quantityof “live weight of meat” per worker and per year

Soixante-dix ans d'accroissement de la productivité physique du travail en élevage bovin allaitant Le cas du bassin charolais

International audienceWithin the Charolais area, the leading French region for beef cattle farming, the western part ofSaône-et-Loire (Burgundy, France) is one of the sub-areas where regional specialisation is the mostmarked. Considering the important increase in livestock since the post-war period, this publicationis interested in the ways in which physical labour productivity has increased over the long periodof the contemporary agricultural revolution (1950 to the present). Based on a sample of interviewsconducted with retired or near-retired cattle farmers, this process was decomposed into a mix oftechnical levels, differentiated according to the social modalities of access to resources. Followingthe presentation of the general movement, an illustration, based on three archetypal trajectories,proposes a quantification of these gains in physical productivity, expressed in terms of the quantityof “live weight of meat” per worker and per year

Conséquences de l'Accord Economique et Commercial Global ( AECG/CETA). Les principaux impacts de l’Accord Economique et Commercial Global (AECG/CETA) sur les productions animales européennes

International audienceNearly 10 years after the launch of the negotiations, the CETA (Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement) was ratified by the EU institutions in February 2017. Even though member States of the European Union (EU) still have to ratify it, the bulk of this so-called mixed" agreement (shared powers between the EU and its member states) has been applied since the provisional entry of the agreement at the end of September 2017. Indeed, the implementation of the provisions of Community competence will not wait for the final ratification of the agreement. This is particularly the case for tariff issues that will have an impact on European agriculture, in particular by reducing still significant customs duties. It also offers new opportunities for downward revision of sanitary, phytosanitary and environmental standards.A study published by the Livestock Institute, IFIP and AgroParisTech shows that this agreement could weaken European production of beef and pork, through additional imports of meat at zero customs duty at certain times.Près de 10 ans après le lancement des négociations, l’Accord Economique et Commercial Global (AECG) ou « Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement » (CETA, acronyme utilisé ci-après dans le texte) a été ratifié par les institutions communautaires en février 2017. Si les Etats membres de l’Union européenne (UE) doivent encore le ratifier, la majeure partie de cet accord dit « mixte » (compétences partagées entre l’UE et ses Etats membres) s’applique depuis l’entrée provisoire de l’accord fin septembre 2017. En effet, la mise en œuvre des dispositions de compétence communautaire n’attendra pas la ratification définitive de l’accord. C’est notamment le cas des questions tarifaires qui auront un impact sur les agricultures européennes, notamment par la baisse de droits de douane encore importants. Il offre également de nouvelles possibilités de révision à la baisse des normes sanitaires, phytosanitaires et environnementales. Une étude publiée par l’Institut de l’Elevage, l’IFIP et AgroParisTech montre ainsi que cet accord risque de fragiliser les productions européennes de viandebovine et porcine par des imports supplémentaires de viande à droits de douane nuls à certaines périodes

The French animal sectors in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic

This article presents an analysis of the economic situation of several animal sectors (cow's milk, beef, pork, poultry and horses) in France, two years after the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. Using the latest statistical data available for the period 2020 to 2021 and taking into account the historical trajectories followed, it seeks to highlight how this health crisis has had implications for production, prices, consumption, foreign trade and, in the case of the equine sector, various activities (horse betting, attendance at riding schools, etc.). The production of agricultural goods was generally little affected by the health crisis, as farmers continued to produce, sometimes despite certain difficulties (lack of manpower, temporary loss of outlets, etc.). Faced with a significant change in the structure of demand (increase in products purchased by households to the detriment of those favored in out-of-home catering), sudden measures imposed by the State and the difficulties sometimes encountered in maintaining the number of employees, processing actors were able to adapt quickly to enable them to supply consumers with the goods they demanded. Trade flows were also disrupted in 2020, before picking up again in 2021, following trends that are ultimately quite consistent with those seen before the crisis. Under the influence, on the one hand, of higher energy prices (even before the war in Ukraine which started on February 24, 2022) and, on the other hand, of fluctuating imports from China on the world markets, producer prices increased at the end of 2021 (with the exception of the pig sector), but this increase is counterbalanced by an increase in production costs. In the equine sector, turnover losses have been temporarily significant due to the strong interaction of this sector with the public. After the shock of 2020, and thanks to a strong adaptation of the actors, the activities are gradually resuming

L’Inde, leader émergent sur le marché mondial de la viande bovine

National audienc

Prognostic value of ERM gene expression in human primary breast cancers

We measured the expression of ERM gene, a nuclear transcription factor belonging to the ets family, in a series of 364 unselected primary breast cancers from patients who underwent locoregional surgery in the Centre Oscar Lambret between May 1989 and December 1991. The expression of ERM was quantified with a real-time one-step reverse transcription-PCR assay based on the 5′-nuclease activity of the TaqDNA polymerase and with an Abi Prism 7700 Sequence Detector System (Applied Biosystems, Courtaboeuf, France). ERM was positively correlated (Spearman test) to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; P < 0.001, r = 0.296) and to histoprognostic grading (P = 0.044, r = 0.112), whereas it was negatively correlated to estradiol receptors (P = 0.019, r = -0.124), HER3 (c-erbB-3; P = 0.01, r = -0.135), and HER4 (c-erbB-4; P = 0.003, r = -0.154). Using the χ2 test, a positive relationship was found between the expression of ERM and EGFR (χ2 = 7.795, P = 0.007). In overall survival studies, Cox univariate analyses demonstrated a prognostic value of ERM (P = 0.006; risk ratio, 2.95) besides the classical prognostic factors histoprognostic grading, node involvement, tumor size, estradiol receptors, progesterone receptors, EGFR, HER3, and HER4. In multivariate analyses, ERM preserved its prognostic value (P = 0.004; risk ratio, 3.779) together with histoprognostic grading, tumor size, estradiol receptors, and progesterone receptors. In relapse-free survival studies, univariate analyses demonstrated that histoprognostic grading, node involvement, tumor size, and HER4 were prognostic factors. These parameters, except histoprognostic grading, retained their prognostic value in multivariate analyses. This study demonstrates for the first time that ERM gene expression is an independent adverse prognostic factor for overall survival in breast cancer patients.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe