The Effect Of Eight Week Continuous Training On Expression Of Mir29mRNA, In Healthy Male Rat’s Cardiac Muscle

مقدمه: هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی تاثیر هشت هفته تمرین تداومی شدید بر بیان ژن‌های خانواده miR29 در قلب رت‌های نر سالم بود. روش‌شناسی: 12 سر موش صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار با شرایط وزنی و سنی مشابه انتخاب و به طور تصادفی به دو گروه تمرین استقامتی تداومی و کنترل (6=n) تقسیم شدند. پروتکل تمرینی به مدت هشت هفته، هفته‌ای پنج جلسه و هر جلسه 30 دقیقه با شدت 75-70 درصد حداکثر اکسیژن مصرفی اجرا شد. معدوم کردن حیوانات و جداسازی بافت 24 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسه تمرینی صورت گرفت. تغییرات بیان ژن‌های miR29 با استفاده از تکنیک quantitave RT-PCR آنالیز شد و میزان بیان ژن‌های miR29 با استفاده از روش∆∆CT-2 محاسبه شد. معنادار بودن متغییرها بین گروه‌های تحقیق با استفاده از آزمون آماری t مستقل بررسی شد. یافته‌ها: بیان ژن miR29a,c و miR29b در گروه تمرین استقامتی تداومی نسبت به گروه کنترل به ترتیب افزایش معنی‌دار (001.0P=) و کاهش غیر معنی‌داری (416.0P=) داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: تمرین استقامتی تداومی سبب القا هایپرتروفی فیزیولوژیک در قلب گروه تمرینی و افزایش معناداری در میزان بیان miR29a,c می‌شود، از آنجایی که این افزایش منجر به کاهش معناداری در بیان ایزوفرم‌های کلاژن می‌شود، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که افزایش miR29a,c در هایپرتروفی فیزیولوژیک ناشی از تمرین استقامتی به طور مستقیم در تنظیم ماتریکس خارج سلولی و کامپلیانس بطنی نقش دارد

Effect of Zinc supplementation on serum testosterone and plasma lactate in male cyclist after one bout of exhaustive exercise

Background and aims: There is fairly scarce information about the effects of zinc, an essential trace element, on exercise performance. Studies concentrate mostly on the distribution of this element in the body in response to exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exhaustion exercise on the testosterone levels and plasma lactates in road cyclists who are supplemented with oral zinc for 4 weeks. Methods: In this semi experimental sixteen male road cyclists, who were healthy in the first evaluation were selected from the Tehran traffic team and were divided into two groups according to mass body index zinc group and control group. After 4 weeks zinc supplementation (30 mg/day), blood samples were collected from each subject before and after an exhaustive exercise bout. Data were analyzed by independent and paired sample t test. Results: Total testosterone, free testosterione and lactate levels in two groups were increased by exercise (P0.05). There was a significant difference between effects of exhaustion exercise on free testosterone levels between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to this study, zinc supplementation has no significant effects on testosterone and lactate levels in response to exercise in subjects with a balance diet. However, free testosterone levels were increased by exercise after zinc supplementation

Relationship between athlete’s men cortisol with leukocytosis and Neutrophils numbers after exercise in cold, warm and normal temperatures conditions

Background & Objective: Exercise and extreme environments, causes hormonal and immune systems changes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was evaluating the relationship between cortisol and leukocytosis and Neutrophil numbers after exercise in cold, warm and natural temperatures. Materials & Methods: Ten young male athletes ran on a treadmill for an hour at the intensity of %60VO2max in three temperature conditions of normal (22±1˚c, 50±5RH), cold (3±1˚c, 50±2RH) and warm (35±1˚c, 50±5RH). Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise. The total numbers of leukocytes and neutrophils were computed using Sysmex Kohden Nihon and serum cortisol concentrations determined by using ELISA. For comparing of data before and after exercise used from Paired T-test and for examine the relationship between variables used from Pearson Correlation Coefficient test. Results: The total leukocytes and the cortisol levels increased significantly after the exercise, in all the conditions (p<0.0001). Also, the number of neutrophils increased significantly after exercise in cold (p=0.001) and normal (p=0.001) environments. In addition, a significant relation was observed between cortisol levels and leukocytosis (R=0.783, P=0.007 and R=0.813, P=0.004) and between cortisol and Neutrophils after exercising in the natural and warm environment (R=0.806, P=0.005 and R=0.852, P=0.002). But, there was no significant relationship between these values after exercise in cold (R=0.63, P=0.051 and R=0.554, P=0.096). Conclusion: Exercise in all the three conditions causes the release of cortisol through stimulating the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) and effect of cortisol receptor on immune cells could cause increase Neutrophils and leukocytosis. It seems that elevation of cortisol concentration during exercise in warm and natural environments is responsible for increase Neutrophils and leukocytosis. Moreover, during exercise in cold environments, factors other than cortisol, such as catecholamine and cardiovascular changes and muscle damage may lead to this event

The effects of Short-Term Grapefruit juice Supplementation on Lipid Peroxidation and Total Antioxidant Capacity and some indicators of muscular damage in young men following a session of intensive resistance activity

Background: Some scientific data have been reported the positive effects of natural antioxidants on modulating the Total Antioxidant Capacity and muscular damage indicators. The aim of this research was to examine the effects of Short-Term Grapefruite juice Supplementation on Lipid Peroxidation and Total Antioxidant Capacity and some muscular damage indicators in young men following a session of intensive an resistanceactivity. Materials and Methods: In a randomized double-blind study twenty young men students were randomly divided into two equal groups of experimental, and control. After supplementation period, subjects performed a session of intensive resistance activity at 85% of one repetition maximum. Changes in the Total Antioxidant Capacity and malondialdehyde and muscular damage indicators (Lactate dehydrogenase and Creatine Kinase) were determined in three phases. Results: The results showed that changes in the Total Antioxidant Capacity and malondialdehyde after exercise not significantly in the supplementation group, but significantly in the control group. Also, changes in plasma Lactate dehydrogenase and Creatine Kinase after activity were significantly in the control and supplementation groups. Conclusion: It seems that Short-Term Grapefruit juice supplementation will be useful for improving levels of plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity and thereby inhibiting exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and modification in plasma increased Lactate dehydrogenase and Creatine Kinase after intensive resistance training. &nbsp

Relationship between TCF7L2 Relative Expression in Pancreas Tissue with Changes in Insulin by High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) in Type 2 Diabetes Rats

Introduction: Both environmental and genetic factors have been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The objectives of the present study were: 1) to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on fasting glucose, insulin and TCF7L2 expression in pancreas tissue of T2D rats, 2) to determine the relation between TCF7L2 expression with insulin changes in the HIIT and control groups. Methods: In the present applied-experimental study, T2D male Wistar rats induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin-nicotinamide were assigned to control (no-training) and HIIT (5&nbsp;times/week/12-week) groups. Fasting glucose, serum insulin and TCF7L2 expression in pancreas tissues of both groups were measured after lasted exercise and compared between 2 groups by independent T test. Also, the relation between TCF7L2 expression and insulin of HIIT to the control group was assessed by Pearson correlations. Results: The HIIT training in the training group was associated with improved fasting glucose compared with the control group (P<0.001). A significant increase was observed in serum insulin levels (P< 0.001). Also, there was seen a significant decrease in TCF7L2 expression in pancreas tissues in HIIT group compared with the control group (P= 0.038). Significant negative correlation was found between TCF7L2 expression and insulin changes of the HIIT to control groups (r=0.84, P=0.034). conclusion: HIIT training is associated with improvements in glycemic control and insulin secretion in T2D rats. Based on these data, this improvement can be attributed to decrease in TCF7L2 expression at pancreas tissues by HIIT training

The Effect of Three-Month Aerobic Exercise with Moderate Intensity on IL1β, IL-6, and brain volume in 50-65 Years Old Women with Metabolic Syndrome

Background:&nbsp; The increasing of age, inflammatory factors&cedil; and metabolic syndrome are the effective reasons in the reduction of&nbsp; brain volume. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of twelve week aerobic exercise with moderate intensity on IL1&beta;, IL-6, and brain volume in 50-65 years old women with metabolic&nbsp; syndrome. Materials and Methods: 24 women with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) took a part voluntarily. They were divided into two groups, MetS exercise (EM), MetS control (CM). ME group participated in an aerobic exercise training (AT) program (for 12 weeks), three sessions per week, each session contained three performing parts and two relaxing parts, at the beginning, each part contained eight minutes. Also each week, one minute added to performing sets. MRI and blood samples were conducted before and after three month to evaluate the levels of IL1&beta;, IL-6, and brain volume. Data were analyzed by paired-sample of T-Test, and independent samples of T-Test. Results: Brain volume afterthree&nbsp; month doesn't significantly changed, but IL1&beta;, and IL-6 after tree month exercise were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Also, there were not significantly different in brain volume, IL1&beta;, and IL-6 pre and post test in the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that three months aerobic exercise with a moderate intensity ameliorate inflammatory factor and doesn't change brain volume. Maybe with adjusting, the time and intensity of exercise brain volume will be increased

The Effect of 12-Week Aerobic Training on Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Gene Expression and Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Rats

Abstract Background: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key enzyme in dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR) and it is a central factor to induce the insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12-week aerobic training on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B gene expression and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 16 Wistar rats were divided into aerobic training and control groups. After inducing diabetes intra protaneally, aerobic training group performed training protocol for 12 weeks and 5 session/week. The duration and speed of each session increased progressively as 18 to 26 m/min and 10 to 55 min, respectively. Then, blood and tissue (from gastrocnemius) sampling were carried out in diabetic rats. Insulin resistance markers and PTP1B gene expression were evaluated by commercial kits and Real-Time PCR method, respectively. Results: Findings showed that PTP1B significantly was decreased in diabetic rats of aerobic training group (p=0.0001). Also, glucose and insulin resistance significantly was decreased in aerobic training groups (p=0.02 and p=0.006, respectively). However, insulin in control rats was significantly increased (p=0.015). Conclusion: It seems that, current aerobic training protocol has capability to decrease PTP1B and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. Furthermore, the direct correlation between PTP1B and insulin illustrated that any changes in insulin resistance due to exercise training associated with diminution of negative regulation of insulin signaling pathway

Effects of 12 weeks resistant training on MTNR1B gene expression in the pancreas and glucose and insulin levels in type 2 diabetic rats

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial disease, but recently it has been found that increased expression of MTNR1B gene is associated with of the risk of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of resistance training on MTNR1B gene expression in the pancreas and glucose and insulin levels in male Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This study was a fundamental and experimental approach. In this study 30 male Wistar rats weighing 220&plusmn;20 g, were used. Rats were kept under the standard conditions of temperature of 22 &deg;&plusmn;2&nbsp;&nbsp; C and humidity of 45% and consecutive 12-hour periods of light and darkness. Rats were divided into three groups: Control group, diabetic group, and diabetic plus resistant training group. Diabetes was induced by disolving nicotinamide and STZ in the drinking water. Resistance training was conducted for 12 weeks, 5 days a week in a 3 course with 6 repetitions. All rats were sacrificed 48 hours after the last training session. Results: A significant reduction in fasting glucose levels was observed in the diabetic resistant training group than the diabetic group (P<0.05). &nbsp;Unlike glucose, 12 weeks of exercise training significantly increased serum insulin levels in the diabetic group than before training&nbsp; (P<0.05.( On the other hand, MTNR1B gene expression was decreased in diabetic resistance training group than the diabetic &nbsp;group by 93 percent (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that twelve weeks of resistance exercise significantly increased serum insulin, a significant reduction in blood glucose and a significant reduction in the MTNR1B gene expression in the pancreatic than diabetic group