Organic Waste Recycling

"This book covers the principles and practices of technologies for the control of pollution originating from organic wastes (e.g. human faeces and urine, wastewater, solid wastes, animal manure and agro-industrial wastes) and the recycling of these organic wastes into valuable products such as fertilizer, biofuels, algal and fish protein and irrigated crops. Each recycling technology is described with respect to: - Objectives - Benefits and limitations - Environmental requirements - Design criteria of the process - Use of the recycled products - Public health aspects. Organic Waste Recycling includes case studies, examples, exercises and questions. This book is intended as a text or reference book for third or fourth year undergraduate students interested in environmental science, engineering and management, and graduate students working in the environment-related disciplines. It also serves as a reference text for policy makers, planners and professionals working in the environment and sustainable development fields.

Organic Matter, Solid and Pathogen Removals from Black Water in a Pilot-Scale Solar Septic Tank

Demonstrating the operational feasibility of a solar-powered septic tank as an alternative and sustainable sanitation option for communities was presented in this study. The efficiency and technical feasibility of a solar septic tank (SST) were tested and evaluated in pilot scale for treatment of black water from communal toilets. The system consisted of a modified septic tank equipped with a disinfection chamber inside the tank. Solar radiation was collected as a heat source for heating and disinfection. The system could achieve high removal efficiencies of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total solid (TS), and total volatile solid (TVS) of 97%, 94%, 91% and 96%, respectively. The inactivation efficiencies of E. coli and total coliforms in the SST were about 2.2 log reduction. The increased temperature inside the septic tank could help to inactivate pathogens and reduce the environmental issues related to conventional fecal sludge management. In turn, this improved the water quality of groundwater and surface water and minimize health risks. Influence of operational conditions including organic/nutrient loading rate and ratio between TCOD and TKN in the black water on the performance of the SST were discussed

Organic Waste Recycling

New Yorkxiv, 357 p.: illus.; 24 c

Immobilized Biofilm in Thermophilic Biohydrogen Production using Synthetic versus Biological Materials

Biohydrogen production was studied from the vermicelli processing wastewater using synthetic and biological materials as immobilizing substrate employing a mixed culture in a batch reactor operated at the initial pH 6.0 and thermophilic condition (55 ± 1ºC). Maximum cumulative hydrogen production (1,210 mL H2/L wastewater) was observed at 5% (v/v) addition of ring-shaped synthetic material, which was the ring-shaped hydrophobic acrylic. Regarding 5% (v/v) addition of synthetic and biological materials, the maximum cumulative hydrogen production using immobilizing synthetic material of ball-shaped hydrophobic polyethylene (HBPE) (1,256.5 mL H2/L wastewater) was a two-fold increase of cumulative hydrogen production when compared to its production using immobilizing biological material of rope-shaped hydrophilic ramie (609.8 mL H2/L wastewater). SEM observation of immobilized biofilm on a ball-shaped HBPE or a rope-shaped hydrophilic ramie was the rod shape and gathered into group

Low cost technology options for sanitation : a state of the art review and annotated bibliography

Originally published under the title Stop the faecal peril : a technology revie

An integrated kinetic model for organic and nutrient removal by duckweed-based wastewater treatment (DUBWAT) system

This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of duckweed (Lemna gibba) in treating a domestic wastewater and to develop an integrated kinetic model for organic and nutrient removal by duckweed-based wastewater treatment (DUBWAT) system. Four pilot-scale DUBWAT units, made of concrete blocks, were operated under ambient conditions (temperatures 30-36 °C), different hydraulic retention times (t), organic loading rates (OLR) and stocking densities (SD). The maximum COD, BOD5, NH3-N, TN and TSS removal efficiencies of 84, 88, 68, 58 and 87%, respectively, were found at optimum operating conditions of t of 10 days, OLR of 50 kgCOD/(ha-d) and SD of 0.5 kg/m2. The nitrogen uptake rate by duckweed was found to be 0.62 g-N/(m2-d). An integrated kinetic model consisting of t, OLR, SD and temperature was developed for the DUBWAT system and validated satisfactorily with data obtained from the literatures

Reduction of chlorine demand in a hospital wastewater by air stripping process

Some text in Tha

Convenient solutions to inconvenient truth: Domestic wastewater management-based approaches to sustainable development goal no. 6

Most cities of low- and middle-income countries in Asia, in which more than 80% of the urban population is facing wastewater collection and treatment problems, generally employ conventional centralized systems to treat wastewater from bathrooms and kitchens. Despite the Sustainable Development Goal No. 6 (SDG6) targets which aim to improve unsafely managed sanitation conditions by 2030, about 2.8 billion people are still employing unsafe sanitation facilities which usually cause environmental impacts and faecal pathogen infections. Because of this problem, the challenge in identifying convenient solutions on safe domestic wastewater management is needed to accomplish the SDG6 targets. This research evaluates the existing domestic wastewater management of some cities in Southeast Asian countries (Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam), and proposes some convenient solutions based on four important indicators. These indicators included collection and treatment performance for domestic wastewater management, cost-benefit ratio, and social content. Based on actual domestic management data compiled from the 55 cities in three Southeast Asian countries, influencing factors affecting effectiveness of domestic wastewater management of these cities were classified using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) techniques. Domestic wastewater management effectiveness chart was generated and tested with the five tested cities in three Southeast Asian countries having similar domestic wastewater management conditions during the period January–June 2021. The convenient solutions on safely domestic wastewater management were proposed such as contributing the capacity of wastewater collection to be 20,000 m3 per day per 5,000 households, and introducing the wastewater collection fees covering the full cost of operations and maintenance to accomplish the SDG6 targets on safe domestic wastewater management