Saddle Points and Stark Ladders: Exact Calculations of Exciton Spectra in Superlattices

A new, exact method for calculating excitonic absorption in superlattices is described. It is used to obtain high resolution spectra showing the saddle point exciton feature near the top of the miniband. The evolution of this feature is followed through a series of structures with increasing miniband width. The Stark ladder of peaks produced by an axial electric field is investigated, and it is shown that for weak fields the line shapes are strongly modified by coupling to continuum states, taking the form of Fano resonances. The calculated spectra, when suitably broadened, are found to be in good agreement with experimental results.Comment: 9 pages Revtex v3.0, followed by 4 uuencoded postscript figures, SISSA-CM-94-00

Identification of nonlinear modes using phase-locked-loop experimental continuation and normal form

In this article, we address the model identification of nonlinear vibratory systems, with a specific focus on systems modeled with distributed nonlinearities, such as geometrically nonlinear mechanical structures. The proposed strategy theoretically relies on the concept of nonlinear modes of the underlying conservative unforced system and the use of normal forms. Within this framework, it is shown that without internal resonance, a valid reduced order model for a nonlinear mode is a single Duffing oscillator. We then propose an efficient experimental strategy to measure the backbone curve of a particular nonlinear mode and we use it to identify the free parameters of the reduced order model. The experimental part relies on a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) and enables a robust and automatic measurement of backbone curves as well as forced responses. It is theoretically and experimentally shown that the PLL is able to stabiliz the unstable part of Duffing-like frequency responses, thus enabling its robust experimental measurement. Finally, the whole procedure is tested on three experimental systems: a circular plate, a chinese gong and a piezoelectric cantilever beam. It enable to validate the procedure by comparison to available theoretical models as well as to other experimental identification methods

Multifractal analysis of the electronic states in the Fibonacci superlattice under weak electric fields

Influence of the weak electric field on the electronic structure of the Fibonacci superlattice is considered. The electric field produces a nonlinear dynamics of the energy spectrum of the aperiodic superlattice. Mechanism of the nonlinearity is explained in terms of energy levels anticrossings. The multifractal formalism is applied to investigate the effect of weak electric field on the statistical properties of electronic eigenfunctions. It is shown that the applied electric field does not remove the multifractal character of the electronic eigenfunctions, and that the singularity spectrum remains non-parabolic, however with a modified shape. Changes of the distances between energy levels of neighbouring eigenstates lead to the changes of the inverse participation ratio of the corresponding eigenfunctions in the weak electric field. It is demonstrated, that the local minima of the inverse participation ratio in the vicinity of the anticrossings correspond to discontinuity of the first derivative of the difference between marginal values of the singularity strength. Analysis of the generalized dimension as a function of the electric field shows that the electric field correlates spatial fluctuations of the neighbouring electronic eigenfunction amplitudes in the vicinity of anticrossings, and the nonlinear character of the scaling exponent confirms multifractality of the corresponding electronic eigenfunctions.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure

Diseases of the salivary glands in infants and adolescents

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Diseases of the salivary glands are rare in infants and children (with the exception of diseases such as parotitis epidemica and cytomegaly) and the therapeutic regimen differs from that in adults. It is therefore all the more important to gain exact and extensive insight into general and special aspects of pathological changes of the salivary glands in these age groups. Etiology and pathogenesis of these entities is still not yet fully known for the age group in question so that general rules for treatment, based on clinical experience, cannot be given, particularly in view of the small number of cases of the different diseases. Swellings of the salivary glands may be caused by acute and chronic inflammatory processes, by autoimmune diseases, by duct translocation due to sialolithiasis, and by tumors of varying dignity. Clinical examination and diagnosis has also to differentiate between salivary gland cysts and inflammation or tumors.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Salivary gland diseases are rare in childhood and adolescence. Their pattern of incidence differs very much from that of adults. Acute and chronic sialadenitis not responding to conservative treatment requires an appropriate surgical approach. The rareness of salivary gland tumors is particularly true for the malignant parotid tumors which are more frequent in juvenile patients, a fact that has to be considered in diagnosis and therapy.</p

Vibronic coupling at a chromium ion in a trigonal field in GaAs

We present here the preliminary results of our calculations on the Cr 2+-X(0.839 eV lines) system in GaAs. These calculations show that it is necessary, in order to explain the zero field splitting, to introduce a strong trigonal field. The main points that are explained by the presence of a strong trigonal field are the reduction of the Jahn-Teller energy and the occurrence of vibronic lines labelled I and J. A spin Hamiltonian is also presented that explains the zero field fine structure and the line intensities.Nous présentons ici les résultats préliminaires des calculs que nous avons effectués sur le système Cr2+-X (raies à 0,839 eV) dans GaAs. La structure à champ nul de ces raies ne peut être expliquée qu'à la condition d'introduire un champ trigonal fort. Les principaux points qui sont expliqués uniquement par cette forte valeur sont : la réduction de l'énergie Jahn-Teller et l'existence de raies vibroniques notées I et J. Un Hamiltonien de spin est présenté qui permet de décrire la structure fine à champ nul ainsi que les intensités de raies

Experimental validation of adjusting the resonances of a simplified bass clarinet through modal active control.

This paper reports the experimental results of modifying the resonances of wind instruments using modal active control. Resonances of a simplified bass clarinet (a cylindrical tube coupled to a bass clarinet mouthpiece including a reed) are adjusted either in frequency or in damping in order to modify its playing properties (pitch, strength of the harmonics of the sound, transient behavior). This is achieved using a control system made up of a collocated loudspeaker and microphone linked by an observer, which contains a model of the system, and a controller. Modifications of the transfer function, input impedance and radiated sound of the instrument are obtained

Miniband dispersion and excitonic effects on the optical-spectra of GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs superlattices

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