The Effect of Oil Palm Expansion on Farmers’ Household Food Security in Indonesia

This study captures the ex post impact analysis of oil palm expansion on food security at the micro level in Indonesia. The main focus is to examine the effect of oil palm expansion on farm households’ food security situation, including food expenditure as well as daily calorie and nutrient intake. OLS and quantile regression models are applied to find the socioeconomic factors that influence farmers’ food expenditure and calorie intake, and to examine whether the effect of oil palm expansion on food security differs across quantiles. The findings highlighted significant influence of the income from oil palm expansion to calorie intake. Increases on farmers expanding farmland could lead farmers to consume more calories nutritious food, but the food budget on food decreases. However, the result pronouns income earning from oil palm plays a significant role in ensuring food security. As the first paper on providing the ex-post analysis of oil palm expansion, it is expected to show the distribution of food security impact across households’ income level in Indonesia. Previous studies on livelihood analysis of oil palm cultivation mostly focus on comparing the oil palm grower with other crops. Hence, it may lead to undirected implication on how to enhance the future oil palm expansion program. The result of this study is offered to support policy implication on the design of future oil palm expansion program by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Keywords: oil palm expansion, farm household, food security, quantile regressio

The Effect of Oil Palm Expansion on Farmers’ Household Food Security in Indonesia

This study captures the ex post impact analysis of oil palm expansion on food security at the micro level in Indonesia. The main focus is to examine the effect of oil palm expansion on farm households’ food security situation, including food expenditure as well as daily calorie and nutrient intake. OLS and quantile regression models are applied to find the socioeconomic factors that influence farmers’ food expenditure and calorie intake, and to examine whether the effect of oil palm expansion on food security differs across quantiles. The findings highlighted significant influence of the income from oil palm expansion to calorie intake. Increases on farmers expanding farmland could lead farmers to consume more calories nutritious food, but the food budget on food decreases. However, the result pronouns income earning from oil palm plays a significant role in ensuring food security. As the first paper on providing the ex-post analysis of oil palm expansion, it is expected to show the distribution of food security impact across households’ income level in Indonesia. Previous studies on livelihood analysis of oil palm cultivation mostly focus on comparing the oil palm grower with other crops. Hence, it may lead to undirected implication on how to enhance the future oil palm expansion program. The result of this study is offered to support policy implication on the design of future oil palm expansion program by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Keywords: oil palm expansion, farm household, food security, quantile regressio

Analysis of growth patterns in purebred kambing Katjang goat and its crosses with the German fawn

The objective of this study was to investigate growth patterns of goats utilizing data from a crossbreeding program involving the exotic German Fawn (GF) and the indigenous Kambing Katjang (KK) goats. Growth curve models and growth curve parameters were compared and analyzed for different genotypes and litter types. A total of 20,393 weight–age data from 208 female goats belonging to various crossbreeding genotypes were individually fitted to four growth curve models (Brody, Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic). The goodness of fit was highest in the Brody model in most cases. A comparison of R2 among genotypes showed that they were highest for KK. There were no significant differences of genotypes for estimated mature weight in the Brody model. The estimated mature weights for KK were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than for GF × KK (F1), backcrosses with 75% GF genes (BC) and F1 × F1 (F2) in the other models. The correlations between estimated mature weights and the maturing rates were lowest for BC. The genotype significantly (P < 0.01) affected the age at the constant degree of maturity (67% and 90% of mature weight) in all models. The BC genotype was the youngest at maturity and KK the oldest. All models well expressed the growth pattern of the target animals when they were older than 2.5 years of age. The results from the present study showed that the growth pattern may be altered by crossbreeding of KK with the GF breed