375 research outputs found
Protein synthesis and degradation are required for the incorporation of modified information into the pre-existing object-location memory
Although some reports indicate that protein synthesis dependent process may be induced by updating information, the role of protein synthesis and degradation in changing the content of pre-existing memory is yet unclear. In this study, we utilized an object rearrangement task, in which partial information related to a pre-existing memory is changed, promoting memory modification. Inhibitors of both protein synthesis and protein degradation impaired adequate incorporation of the altered information, each in a distinctive way. These results indicate that protein synthesis and degradation play key roles in memory modification
Increased social interaction in Shank2-deficient mice following acute social isolation
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is neuropsychiatric disorder with a gender specific risk. Although social impairment in ASD is one of the well characterized phenotypes, loneliness issue resides in patients with ASD and emerging reports show gender distribution in symptoms. Acute social isolation increases the motivation to socially interact in a gender-dependent manner, as only the male mice show increase in sociability following isolation. However, it remains to be explored whether the effects of loneliness in ASD differ between genders. Here, we used Shank2-deficient (Shank2−/−) mice, one of the animal models of ASD, to examine the sociability changes after acute social isolation. While only the male wild-type (WT) mice display increased sociability following 24-h isolation, both sexes of Shank2−/− mice show an increase in social interaction following isolation. These observations provide evidence that animal models of ASD have the sensitivity to acute social isolation and further show the motivation to socially interact.This work was supported by the National Honor Scientist Program of Korea to B.K.K. (NRF-2012R1A3A1050385) and National Research Foundation of Korea to J.E.C. (NRF-2022R1A6A3A01086593)
Improvement in the hygroscopicity of inorganic binder through a dual coating process
The use of an anti-absorbent is proposed in this work to reduce the hygroscopicity of the inorganic binder in the casting mold, in which the anti-absorbent is coated on the mold prepared with an inorganic binder. Three types of polymers were used to select material with optimal water resistance. Polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used as a water-insoluble polymer and water-soluble polymer, respectively. In addition, polyurethane (PU) prepolymer has intermediate properties between PS and PVA. PVA and PU prepolymer were used for comparative testing with PS. For this testing process, the prepared green body was dipped into a solution of inorganic binder precursor mixed with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, SiO2 precursor) and sodium methoxide (NaOMe, Na2O precursor), and then dipped into a solution of coating reagent after a drying process. Thus, these series of coating processes in a green body is called a dual coating process. Finally the sample was heat-treated at 1000 °C to generate a glass phase by an organic–inorganic conversion process. In the sample prepared with PS, the highest contact angle and a high firing strength were exhibited, independent of polymer concentration, while the sample coated with PVA showed lower green and firing strengths. When prepolymer, PU, was applied, the green strength was remarkably improved, showing lower firing strength compared with that of PS. The green and firing strengths were optimized through the dual coating process with PS. Moreover, the moisture-proof effect of the dual coating process was verified through the moisture steam test
Efficacy and Tolerability of GCSB-5 for Hand Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of GCSB-5, a mixture of 6 purified herbal extracts, in treating hand osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 220 patients with hand OA who had baseline a visual analog scale joint pain score of >30 of 100 mm at 3 hospitals between September 2013 and November 2014. After randomization, patients were allocated to receive oral GCSB-5 600 mg or placebo, bid for 12 weeks. The primary end point was the change in the Australian/Canadian OA Hand Index (AUSCAN)-defined pain score at 4 weeks relative to baseline. Secondary end points included the frequency Outcome Measures in Rheumatology–OA Research Society International (OMERACT-OARSI)-defined response at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after randomization.FindingsThe allocated treatment was received by 109 and 106 patients in the GCSB-5 and placebo groups, respectively. At 4 weeks, the median (interquartile range) change in AUSCAN pain score relative to baseline was significantly greater in the GCSB-5 group than in the placebo group (–9.0 [–23.8 to –0.4] vs –2.2 [–16.7 to 6.0]; P = 0.014), with sustained improvement at 8, 12, and 16 weeks (P = 0.039). The GCSB-5 group also had a significantly greater OMERACT-OARSI–defined response rate than did the placebo group at 4 weeks (44.0% vs 30.2%), 8 weeks (51.4% vs 35.9%), 12 weeks (56.9% vs 40.6%), and 16 weeks (50.5% vs 37.7%) (P = 0.0074). The 2 treatments exhibited comparable safety profiles.ImplicationsGCSB-5 was associated with improved symptoms of hand OA, with good tolerability, in these patients. GCSB-5 may be a well-tolerated alternative of, or addition to, the treatment of hand OA. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01910116
Association between anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis or anti-α-enolase antibody and severity of periodontitis or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity in RA
Data of methylome and transcriptome derived from human dilated cardiomyopathy
AbstractAlterations in DNA methylation and gene expression have been implicated in the development of human dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Differentially methylated probes (DMPs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the left ventricle (LV, a pathological locus for DCM) and the right ventricle (RV, a proxy for normal hearts). The data in this DiB are for supporting our report entitled “Methylome analysis reveals alterations in DNA methylation in the regulatory regions of left ventricle development genes in human dilated cardiomyopathy” (Bong-Seok Jo, In-Uk Koh, Jae-Bum Bae, Ho-Yeong Yu, Eun-Seok Jeon, Hae-Young Lee, Jae-Joong Kim, Murim Choi, Sun Shim Choi, 2016) [1]
Enhanced cytotoxic effect of radiation and temozolomide in malignant glioma cells: targeting PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling, HSP90 and histone deacetylases
BACKGROUND: Despite aggressive treatment with radiation therapy and concurrent adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ), glioblastoma multiform (GBM) still has a dismal prognosis. We aimed to identify strategies to improve the therapeutic outcome of combined radiotherapy and TMZ in GBM by targeting pro-survival signaling from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). METHODS: Glioma cell lines U251, T98G were used. Colony formation, DNA damage repair, mode of cell death, invasion, migration and vasculogenic mimicry as well as protein expression were determined. RESULTS: U251 cells showing a low level of methyl guanine transferase (MGMT) were highly responsive to the radiosensitizing effect of TMZ compared to T98G cells having a high level of MGMT. Treatment with a dual inhibitor of Class I PI3K/mTOR, PI103; a HSP90 inhibitor, 17-DMAG; or a HDAC inhibitor, LBH589, further increased the cytotoxic effect of radiation therapy plus TMZ in U251 cells than in T98G cells. However, treatment with a mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, did not discernibly potentiate the radiosensitizing effect of TMZ in either cell line. The mechanism of enhanced radiosensitizing effects of TMZ was multifactorial, involving impaired DNA damage repair, induction of autophagy or apoptosis, and reversion of EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest possible strategies for counteracting the pro-survival signaling from EGFR to improve the therapeutic outcome of combined radiotherapy and TMZ for high-grade gliomas
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