Visual Scene Description and Recall: On Differences between Korean and English Speakers

Scientific research into the relationship between language and thought has profound implications for the understanding of second language learners and their learning process. The present study focuses on the connections between verbalization patterns and perceptual orientations. Adult monolingual speakers of Korean and English were asked to describe a set of dynamic scenes at two different presentation durations, 1.5 and 3 seconds, and then recall the focal figures and backgrounds of the depicted situations. Participants utterances were counted for comparison with their performance on the subsequent recall test. The study found that Korean speakers (KSs) mentioned more specific subjects at longer durations whereas English speakers (ESs) choice of subject referents was not significantly influenced by time. Further, in contrast to previous research, ESs produced more background details than KSs and were inclined to add more descriptions about figures at longer durations while dismissing a commensurate amount of background information. In the recall test, KSs remembered background details more accurately than ESs. This asymmetry in linguistic encoding and recall in function of presentation durations suggests that the effect of a particular language on the language speakers attentional allocation and information storing is far more intricate than was reported in earlier works

The Experimental Study of Time Resolved Inductively Coupled Plasma for Fast Control of High-Power Millimeter-wave

The suppression of neo-classical tearing modes (NTMs) which is one of plasma instability is a critical issue to prevent the disruption of H-mode plasma in fusion plasma tokamak. To operate steady-state drive, we should understand not only physical phenomena of tearing modes but also optimized conditions of electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) to suppress time resolved NTMs in range of a few kHz repetition. We propose an external switching system which can be settled in existing transmission lines and gyrotrons. The idea of switching system simply comes from interactions between millimeter-wave and glow discharged cold plasma. The cut-off and propagation of millimeter-wave can be determined by the plasma switching. A helical type inductively coupled plasma chamber is designed for high transmission of Gaussian beam (linear polarized Efield having Gaussian profiled) and generation of high-density bulked plasma. For proof-of-concept study, we conducted cold test using vector network analyzer (low power millimeter-wave, < 1mW, continuous waves) and successfully demonstrated proto-type test of millimeter-wave switching having 2 kHz repetition. For hot test, a gyrotron at UNIST (95 GHz, few kW of power) is used as a high-power millimeter-wave source. Although the gyrotron pulse length (20 us) is not enough to measure switching results (plasma switching time is 200 us), we observed wave absorption in plasma and increase of plasma density simultaneously. This result will help to understand mechanism of millimeter wave heating in inductively coupled plasma. Furthermore, this study will also contribute to understand plasma instabilities in fusion plasma

The dielectric constant measurement using a TE01 mode in W-band

The dielectric constant varies with frequency so that the known dielectric constant at low-frequency is no longer valid at high-frequency regions. When the frequency increases, experimental imperfection such as air gap between a sample and a resonator cannot be ignored anymore in the dielectric constant measurement by means of the resonator method. In contrast to the existing resonator method using a fundamental TE10 mode in a rectangular waveguide, we propose to use a TE01mode in a circular waveguide which is less affected by the air gap between the surface of the waveguide and the dielectric material

Molecular Imaging of Colorectal Tumors by Targeting Colon Cancer Secreted Protein-2 (CCSP-2)

A versatile biomarker for detecting colonic adenoma and colon cancer has yet to be developed. Colon cancer secreted protein-2 (CCSP-2) is a protein specifically expressed and secreted in colon adenomas and cancers. We developed a fluorescent imaging method based on CCSP-2 targeting for a more sensitive and specific detection of colorectal tumors. CCSP-2 expression was evaluated in human colon adenoma and colorectal specimens. Anti CCSP-2 antibody was labeled with a near-infrared fluorescent dye, FPR-675, and molecular imaging of surgical human colorectal tumors was performed. Immunohistochemistry identified CCSP-2 expression in 87.0% of colorectal cancer specimens and 89.5% of colon adenoma specimens. Fluorescence imaging of surgical human colon specimens after spraying treatment with the probe permitted a clear distinction of cancer from paired normal colon tissue (target-to-background ratio, 4.09 +/- 0.42; P < .001). CCSP-2 targeting imaging was also evaluated in patient-derived colon cancer xenograft mouse and liver metastasis murine models. CCSP-2-positive colon cancer xenografts and liver metastases were visualized by near-infrared fluorescence imaging after intravenous injection of the probe, which showed significantly higher fluorescence. Our results show that CCSP-2 is a promising marker for colorectal tumor detection in clinical settings and that a CCSP-2-targeting molecular imaging strategy might improve the diagnosis of colorectal tumors in metastatic or recurrent cancers and aid in early colonoscopic detection of premalignant lesions