Results, meta-analysis and a first evaluation of UNOxR, the urinary nitrate-to-nitrite molar ratio, as a measure of nitrite reabsorption in experimental and clinical settings

Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiological changes and therap

MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCY AND LABOR IN MYOPIC PATIENTS

Aim. To study the course of pregnancy and labor in women suffering from myopia.Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of pregnancy outcomes among 100 women with myopia was held. There were 48 women in the study group who had a retinal laser correction within the period of pregnancy. The control group was represented by 52 women who did not undergo the correction.Results. We noted that the peripheral laser retinopexy made possible labor through natural birth canals for women of the study group. While the control group of women underwent abdominal delivery.Conclusion. The problem of myopia during pregnancy remains the focus of attention of obstetricians and ophthalmologists, since it is very important to choose the optimal method of delivery. In this case it is necessary to take into account not only the degree of myopia, but also the state of the retina. Peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophic changes (PVCDC) are indication for cesarean section. It was found that the timely use of LRP for retina makes possible reducing the percentage of surgical delivery, and thereby reduces the risk of post-surgery complications

Influences on hypoxia exercise on whole body insulin sensitivity and oxidative metabolism in older individuals

Context Aging is a primary risk factor for most chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. Both exercise and hypoxia regulate pathways that ameliorate age-associated metabolic muscle dysfunction. Objective We hypothesized that the combination of hypoxia and exercise would be more effective in improving glucose metabolism than normoxia exercise. Design and Participants We randomized 29 older sedentary individuals (62 ± 6 years; 14 women, 15 men) to bicycle exercise under normobaric hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen = 15%) or normoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen = 21%). Intervention Participants trained thrice weekly for 30 to 40 minutes over 8 weeks at a heart rate corresponding to 60% to 70% of peak oxygen update. Main Outcome Measures Insulin sensitivity measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic glucose clamp and muscle protein expression before and after hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic glucose clamp. Results Heart rate and perceived exertion during training were similar between groups, with lower oxygen saturation when exercising under hypoxia (88.7 ± 1.5 vs 96.2 ± 1.2%, P < 0.01). Glucose infusion rate after 8 weeks increased in both the hypoxia (5.7 ± 1.1 to 6.7 ± 1.3 mg/min/kg; P < 0.01) and the normoxia group (6.2 ± 2.1 to 6.8 ± 2.1 mg/min/kg; P = 0.04), with a mean difference between groups of –0.44 mg/min/kg; 95% CI, –1.22 to 0.34; (P = 0.25). Markers of mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle were similar after training in both groups. Changes in Akt phosphorylation and glucose transporter 4 under fasting and insulin-stimulated conditions were not different between groups over time. Conclusions Eight weeks of hypoxia endurance training led to similar changes in insulin sensitivity and markers of oxidative metabolism compared with normoxia training. Normobaric hypoxia exercise did not enhance metabolic effects in sedentary older women and men beyond exercise alone