A Study on Performance Design Using a Sprinkler System for Fire-Spread Prevention of a Building Exterior

A glass exterior material is normally used in buildings, but it also comes with a disadvantage—it is easily damaged by fire. If the glass exterior material is damaged, a fire can rapidly propagate inside the building space, leading to a lot of damage from the flame transfer to the other space. In this study, the performance of a sprinkler for flame propagation prevention was evaluated during an experiment with an actual proof fire. The study found that where the sprinkler is installed with the glass exterior material, the temperature does not exceed 60°C until the end of the test due to the effect of the water curtain. In the glass exterior material where the sprinkler is not installed, the temperature rapidly increased just after starting the experiment, and caused damage 21 minutes and 30 seconds after starting the test

Experimental Study on the Fire Resistance Performance of Prestressed Composite Beam with Corrugated Web under Standard Fire with Loading Condition

In this study, fire resistance tests were performed on a conventional slim floor beam and a prestressed composite beam with corrugated webs, which is suitable for a long-span structure with a reduction in story height by utilizing the prestress and accordion effect. In the fire test program, the ISO 834 standard fire curve was adopted. Key test variables were the effect of prestress, shape of corrugated webs, and thickness of sprayed fireproofing material. All of the test specimens demonstrated enhanced fire resistance performance exceeding the expected performance level. The prestressed composite beams with corrugated webs especially showed excellent fire performance, considering these specimens had thin fireproofing thickness compared to the conventional slim floor specimen

Experimental Study on Fire Resistance Performance of a Hollow Slab Using a Lightweight Hollow Sphere

This study evaluates the fire resistance performance (1–2h) of a reinforced concrete (RC) structure-void slab using a lightweight hollow sphere, which can reduce the unnecessary dynamic of removing the central concrete. For this experiment, we set up the depth of the concrete cover, live load, and span length as the factors. The result comes out with 50 mm cover depth of the RC structure hollow slab secured. It was shown that 120 minutes of fire resistance performance can be secured regardless of the length of the structure and loading. Among these factors, the resisting capability changes more sensitively with the live load rather than the thickness of cover. The shorter span in length could assure better fire resistance performance

The Study on Fire Safety by a Real-Scale Combustion Experiment of Composite Material

In this study, a real-scale combustion experiment was carried out for a Styrofoam and glass wool sandwich panel to figure out the fire safety for the composite material used for a building. In the experiment, a heat release rate of a sandwich panel was measured by the ISO 9705 fire test method. Research has also tested and compared temperature change in the Large Scale Calorimeter (LSC) experiment equipment to evaluate the structural safety of the structure body. As a result of the experiment, the structural body with the Styrofoam sandwich panel collapsed which was caused by propagation, and in case of the glass wool sandwich panel, the combustion did no propagate inside. Since the composite material experiences various types of fire hazards depending on the combustion characteristics of the core material, the exact combustion characteristic should be expected by the full-scale combustion experiment

Investigation of Rheological Properties of Blended Cement Pastes Using Rotational Viscometer and Dynamic Shear Rheometer

To successfully process concrete, it is necessary to predict and control its flow behavior. However, the workability of concrete is not completely measured or specified by current standard tests. Furthermore, it is only with a clear picture of cement hydration and setting that full prediction and control of concrete performance can be generalized. In order to investigate the rheological properties of blended cement pastes, a rotational viscometer (RV) was used to determine the flow characteristics of ordinary and blended pastes to provide assurance that it can be pumped and handled. Additionally, a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was used to characterize both the viscous and elastic components of pastes. Ordinary Portland cement paste and blended pastes (slag, fly ash, and silica fume) were investigated in this study. /e stress and strain of the blended specimens were measured by the DSR, which characterizes both viscous and elastic behaviors by measuring the complex shear modulus (the ratio of total shear stress to total shear strain) and phase angle (an indicator of the relative amounts of recoverable and nonrecoverable deformation) of materials. Cement pastes generally exhibit different rheological behaviors with respect to age, mineral admixture type, and cement replacement level

Investigation of Rheological Properties of Blended Cement Pastes Using Rotational Viscometer and Dynamic Shear Rheometer

To successfully process concrete, it is necessary to predict and control its flow behavior. However, the workability of concrete is not completely measured or specified by current standard tests. Furthermore, it is only with a clear picture of cement hydration and setting that full prediction and control of concrete performance can be generalized. In order to investigate the rheological properties of blended cement pastes, a rotational viscometer (RV) was used to determine the flow characteristics of ordinary and blended pastes to provide assurance that it can be pumped and handled. Additionally, a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was used to characterize both the viscous and elastic components of pastes. Ordinary Portland cement paste and blended pastes (slag, fly ash, and silica fume) were investigated in this study. /e stress and strain of the blended specimens were measured by the DSR, which characterizes both viscous and elastic behaviors by measuring the complex shear modulus (the ratio of total shear stress to total shear strain) and phase angle (an indicator of the relative amounts of recoverable and nonrecoverable deformation) of materials. Cement pastes generally exhibit different rheological behaviors with respect to age, mineral admixture type, and cement replacement level

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Limestone Powder in Concrete and the Effects on the Environment

The major environmental impact of concrete comes from the CO2 emissions, produced during the cement manufacturing process. The main goal of this research project is to evaluate the efficiency of limestone powder as a partial cement replacement, in order to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This study utilizes limestone powders, with different particle sizes, to replace a portion of Portland cement using various ratios. Due to the dilution effect when partially replacing cement, there is a reduction in the concrete’s physical properties. To assess the dilution effect, a modification to Féret’s equation is used to calculate an efficiency factor for the limestone powder when compared to cement. To measure the environmental impact, a life cycle assessment is conducted on concrete made with limestone powder combined with cement. This allows for an evaluation of the various cement/limestone powder ratios that will maximize the environmental benefit, with minimal reduction in concrete strength. Additional microstructural analysis using petrographic examination was completed to provide a visual understanding of the distribution of the limestone particles within the cement paste. The results indicate that the efficiency of limestone powder in partially replacing cement can be achieved by particle packing and particle distribution in the concrete and the benefits of emission reductions exceed the loss in compressive strength when higher levels of limestone powder is used to replace cement

Investigation of Rheological Properties of Blended Cement Pastes Using Rotational Viscometer and Dynamic Shear Rheometer

To successfully process concrete, it is necessary to predict and control its flow behavior. However, the workability of concrete is not completely measured or specified by current standard tests. Furthermore, it is only with a clear picture of cement hydration and setting that full prediction and control of concrete performance can be generalized. In order to investigate the rheological properties of blended cement pastes, a rotational viscometer (RV) was used to determine the flow characteristics of ordinary and blended pastes to provide assurance that it can be pumped and handled. Additionally, a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was used to characterize both the viscous and elastic components of pastes. Ordinary Portland cement paste and blended pastes (slag, fly ash, and silica fume) were investigated in this study. The stress and strain of the blended specimens were measured by the DSR, which characterizes both viscous and elastic behaviors by measuring the complex shear modulus (the ratio of total shear stress to total shear strain) and phase angle (an indicator of the relative amounts of recoverable and nonrecoverable deformation) of materials. Cement pastes generally exhibit different rheological behaviors with respect to age, mineral admixture type, and cement replacement level

Geosynthetic Reinforced Steep Slopes: Current Technology in the United States

Geosynthetics is a crucial mechanism in which the earth structures can be mechanically stabilized through strength enforcing tensile reinforcement. Moreover, geosynthetic reinforcement stabilizes steep slopes through incorporating the polymeric materials, becoming one of the most cost-effective methods in not only accommodating budgetary restrictions but also alleviating space constraints. In order to explicate on the applicability and widen the understanding of geosynthetic reinforcement technology, a synthesis study was conducted on geosynthetic reinforced steep slope. This study is very important because in not only highlighting the advantages and limitations of using geosynthetic reinforcement but also in investigating the current construction and design methods with a view to determining which best practices can be employed. Furthermore, this study also identified and assessed the optimal condition of the soil, performance measures, construction specifications, design criteria, and geometry of the slope. To further concretize the understanding of these parameters or factors, two case studies were reviewed and a summary of the best practices, existing methods, and recommendations were drawn in order to inform the employment of geosynthetics in reinforcing steep slopes

Investigation of Rheological Properties of Blended Cement Pastes Using Rotational Viscometer and Dynamic Shear Rheometer

To successfully process concrete, it is necessary to predict and control its flow behavior. However, the workability of concrete is not completely measured or specified by current standard tests. Furthermore, it is only with a clear picture of cement hydration and setting that full prediction and control of concrete performance can be generalized. In order to investigate the rheological properties of blended cement pastes, a rotational viscometer (RV) was used to determine the flow characteristics of ordinary and blended pastes to provide assurance that it can be pumped and handled. Additionally, a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was used to characterize both the viscous and elastic components of pastes. Ordinary Portland cement paste and blended pastes (slag, fly ash, and silica fume) were investigated in this study. The stress and strain of the blended specimens were measured by the DSR, which characterizes both viscous and elastic behaviors by measuring the complex shear modulus (the ratio of total shear stress to total shear strain) and phase angle (an indicator of the relative amounts of recoverable and nonrecoverable deformation) of materials. Cement pastes generally exhibit different rheological behaviors with respect to age, mineral admixture type, and cement replacement level