Complementation of Rational sets on Scattered Linear Orderings of Finite Rank

International audienceIn a preceding paper [1], automata have been introduced for words indexed by linear orderings. These automata are a generalization of automata for finite, infinite, bi-infinite, and even transfinite words studied by Buchi. Kleene's theorem has been generalized to these words. We show that deterministic automata do not have the same expressive power. Despite this negative result, we prove that rational sets of words of finite ranks are closed under complementation

Complementation of Rational Sets on Scattered Linear Orderings

International audienceIn a preceding paper, automata have been introduced for words indexed by linear orderings. These automata are a generalization of automata for finite, infinite, bi-finite and even transfinite words studied by Buchi Kleene's theorem has been generalized to these words. We prove that rational sets of words on countable scattered linear ordering are closed under complementation using an algebraic approach

Complementation of Rational Sets on Countable Scattered Linear Orderings

In a preceding paper (Bruyère and Carton, automata on linear orderings, MFCS'01), automata have been introduced for words indexed by linear orderings. These automata are a generalization of automata for finite, infinite, bi-infinite and even transfinite words studied by Büchi. Kleene's theorem has been generalized to these words. We prove that rational sets of words on countable scattered linear orderings are closed under complementation using an algebraic approach

Zones d’attente et demande d’asile à la frontière : le renforcement des contrôles migratoires ?

À la fin des années 1980, des étrangers pouvaient être maintenus dans des espaces frontaliers portuaires ou aéroportuaires, sans qu’aucun texte légal n’autorise cette forme de détention provisoire. Au sein des aéroports parisiens, notamment l’aéroport Charles De Gaulle à Roissy, ces situations ont tout d’abord attiré l’attention de voyageurs ou salariés de compagnies aériennes. Des organisations syndicales vont contacter des associations de défense des droits de l’homme dans la perspective d’..

La chèvre ou la femme. Parentés de lait entre animaux et humains au Moyen Âge.

Cet article initie une enquête sur la mise en images de l’allaitement inter-espèces au Moyen âge. Pensée comme une transmission d’humeurs et de caractères, la parenté de lait bénéficie à cette époque d’une valorisation très forte, et souvent mise en question à propos des pratiques de mise en nourrice. L’allaitement des enfants (humains) par des animaux permet donc de repenser à la fois la configuration des relations humain/animal, la définition de la filiation, et leurs possibles transgressions. Motif essentiellement hagiographique, et marque d’élection, l’allaitement par des bêtes sauvages est figuré comme une pratique déviante mais paradoxalement considérée positivement. Au contraire, les séquelles de la pratique de la mise en nourrice auprès des animaux domestiques est régulièrement dénoncée.  Et les femmes allaitant les animaux se présentent souvent comme une justification de l’animalité inhérente à leur genre. Si les figures symboliques de Terra allaitant les animaux sont présentées jusqu’au xiie siècle comme des images positives de fertilité, à partir du xiiie siècle la proximité hommes/animaux par l’allaitement apparaît fortement transgressive. A partir du xive siècle, le goût pour les récits historiques et héroïques de l’Antiquité, associé aux images hagiographiques, fait apparaître l’enfant sauvage allaité par des bêtes comme un modèle de grandeur.This article launches an investigation about images of interspecies breast-feeding in the Middle Ages. Thought as a transmission of humors and features, milk kinship was higlhy rated at the time, and was often questioned about fostering practices. Breast-feeding of human children by animals allows to reconsider both human/animal forms of relationship, definition of lineage, and their eventual transgressions. As hagiographical topic, and sign of election, breast-feeding by wild beasts appears as a deviant practice but paradoxically positively valued. On the contrary, sequels of fostering by tame animals are regularly denounced. And women breast-feeding animals often appear as a proof of the animalship of their gender. The symbolic images of Terra breast-feeding the animals are presented until the XIIth century as positive images of fertility, however from the XIIIe century onwards, proximity between human and animal through breast-feeding appears highly transgressive. By the XIVth century, taste for Antiquity’s historical and heroical narratives associated with hagiographic images, reveal the savage child, fed by animals as a paragon of greatnes

Neolithic flat-based pots from the Carnac Mounds in the light of Cycladic ‘frying pans’

A rare type of pottery, found in four single graves under earthen mounds in the Carnac region of Brittany, consists of a circular, flat-based vessel with a near-vertical wall. On the basis of the equipment known from elsewhere in the world, it is possible that the morphology of these dishes is related to processes involved in the production of salt. To help us in exploring their function, we chose to compare these vessels with another enigmatic class of pottery from the Cyclades – the socalled ‘frying pans’ – which seems to have functioned in a similar way, as an object-sign, and has been found in a maritime milieu and in high-status contexts.V zemljeni gomili v regiji Carnac v Bretaniji smo v štirih posameznih grobovih odkrili nov tip posode, za katero je značilna krožna oblika z ravnim dnom in skoraj navpično steno. Na podlagi predmetov, ki jih poznamo drugje po svetu, sklepamo, da je oblika teh skled povezana s pridobivanjem soli. O njihovi uporabi sklepamo s pomočjo primerjav s t.i. ‘ponvami’ s Kikladskega otočja, za katere se zdi, da so jih uporabljali v podobne namene, tudi kot predmet-znak in se pojavljajo v obmorskih okoljih ter v kontekstih, povezanih z višjim družbenim slojem

Modeling actual water use under different irrigation regimes at district scale: Application to the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient method

The modeling of irrigation in land surface models are generally based on two soil moisture parameters SMthreshold and SMtarget at which irrigation automatically starts and stops, respectively. Typically, both parameters are usually set to optimal values allowing to fill the soil water reservoir with just the estimated right amount and to avoid crop water excess at all times. The point is that agricultural practices greatly vary according to many factors (climatological, crop, soil, technical, human, etc.). To fill the gap, we propose a new calibration method of SMthreshold and SMtarget to represent the irrigation water use in any (optimal, deficit or even over) irrigation regime. The approach is tested using the dual-crop coefficient FAO-56 model implemented at the field scale over an 8100 ha irrigation district in northeastern Spain where the irrigation water use is precisely monitored at the district scale. Both irrigation parameters are first retrieved at monthly scale from the irrigation observations of year 2019. The irrigation simulated by the FAO-56 model is then evaluated against observations at district and weekly scale over 5 years (2017–2021) separately. The performance of the newly calibrated irrigation module is also assessed by comparing it against three other modules with varying configurations including default estimates for SMthreshold and SMtarget. The proposed irrigation module obtains systematically the best performance for each of the 5 years with an overall correlation coefficient of 0.95 ± 0.02 and root-mean square error of 0.27 ± 0.07 hm3/week (0.64 ± 0.17 mm/day). Unlike the three irrigation modules used as benchmark, the new irrigation module is able to reproduce the farmers’ practices throughout the year, and especially, to simulate the actual water use in the deficit and excess irrigation regimes occurring in the study area in spring and summer, respectively.This study was supported by the IDEWA project ( ANR-19-P026-003 ) of the Partnership for research and innovation in the Mediterranean area ( PRIMA ) program and by the Horizon 2020 ACCWA project (grant agreement # 823965 ) in the context of Marie Sklodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) program. The authors wish to acknowledge the "Comunitat de Regants Canal Algerri Balaguer" and the Ebro Hydrographic Confederation (SAIH Ebro) for providing the observation irrigation data used in this study