Yoga practice in 21st century Britain: The lived experience of yoga practitioners

This thesis investigates the nature of ‘the self’ modern yoga practitioners cultivate. This ontological question is further divided into three sub-questions to find the answer stepby- step. They are: (1) How yoga practice influences practitioners' health and wellbeing; (2) How yoga practice influences the management of life crises; (3) How yoga practice influences the ‘sense of self’. Modern yoga in the West has been expanding rapidly after the Second World War, and the last 15 years in particular show an exponential growth. Although the numbers are hard to estimate, there were reportedly over 2.5 million practitioners in Britain alone in 2004 (Singleton, 2008). Similar numbers of yoga practitioners were reported in other countries (Strauss, 2004). However, the modern form of yoga practiced in Britain is not the same as the Indian traditional form of yoga. In Britain, the British Wheel of Yoga (BWY) officially represents the majority of the yoga population. This study has used hermeneutic phenomenology, chiefly that of Heidegger and of Merleau-Ponty, as a research methodology, because it enabled the researcher to understand the subjective lived experiences of modern yoga practitioners. For data collection, 15 in-depth interviews of BWY members, selected using the snowballing and theoretical methods, were carried out. Through analysis, six major themes emerged. They were: ‘Health and Well being’; ‘Management of Life Crises’; ‘Sense of Self and Yoga Development’; ‘CAMs & GPs’; ‘Relationships’; ‘Spirituality’. Following the analysis of the main themes, I explored the meaning of ‘the self’, and discussed it from two points of view: the inner-self arisen from embodied practice of yoga through relaxation and bodily proprioception, and the outer self situated in-theworld in relation with other people, which was captured as social self, and considered from various dimensions such as language and ideology, BWY lineage, globalization and commercialism. In a nutshell, this study found that ‘the self’ for the BWY practitioners was embodied, health orientated and secular. ‘The self’ of yoga was further compared and contrasted with four self development models: Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra; Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs; Dreyfus/Merleau-Ponty’s Skill Acquisition model and The Ten Oxherding Pictures of Zen Buddhism. Lastly, the value of yoga for public health was explored using the anthropological idea of dis-ease. This study found that yoga’s therapeutic usefulness mainly came from ‘empowerment’, providing practitioners with yoga skills to take control of their own body and health

Black economic empowerment in the South African agricultural sector : a case study of the wine industry

This paper explores the extent and forms of black economic empowerment (BEE) in the South African agricultural sector through a case study of the wine industry in the Western Cape. Compared to the mining and fisheries sectors, the progress of BEE in the agricultural sector is still in the early stage. However, various forms of black entry into the wine industry, not limited to BEE deals by large corporations, began to emerge, especially since the enactment of the Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment Act (BBBEE Act), Act 53 of 2003. This paper identifies two types of BEE wineries as unique forms of black entry into the wine industry and investigates in detail their features, backgrounds and challenges by referring to several prominent examples of each type of BEE winery

The Kanaka Carnival

https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/cook-nisei/1010/thumbnail.jp

Casting a voice for rural struggles during apartheid : the case of AFRA

This paper explores the attempts to co-ordinate rural resistance and struggles in South Africa during apartheid through a case study of the Association for Rural Advancement (AFRA), a land NGO established in Natal in 1979. It was a small group but had a significant local and national impact. The paper addresses three key questions concerning the character and works of AFRA: (1) What was the character and strategy of AFRA in the politicised context of the late 1970s and 1980s? (2) Was there any historical continuity and discontinuity with early attempts by Natal liberals and African landowners to organise anti-removal campaigns in the 1950s? (3) How and to what extent could AFRA negotiate the increasing influence of the Inkatha and KwaZulu government over Natal rural communities? The paper aims to serve as a critical evaluation of AFRA\u27s strategies and activities, and its relationship with rural communities up to 1990 when land movements became nationwide

Good Stein Neighborhood Bases for Nonsmooth Pseudoconvex Domains

In 1979, Dufresnoy showed that the existence of a good Stein neighborhood base for Ω ⊂ℂⁿ implies that one can solve the inhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann equations in C^∞(Ω̄), even if the boundary of Ω is only Lipschitz. In my thesis, I will show sufficient conditions for the existence of a good Stein neighborhood base on a Lipschitz domain satisfying Property (P)

Reconstructing the history of Indian and Tibetan Madhyamaka thought on the basis of the philological study of the dBu ma tshig gsal gyi ti ka

課題番号：１９５２００４

Causal efficacy and spatiotemporal restriction: An analytical study of the Sautrāntika philosophy

Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde ; Heft 70,

Camus Les Justes : À propos des ajouts aux Souvenirs d’un terroriste et de leur signification

Camus a écrit Les Justes d’après Souvenirs d’un terroriste. Si l'on compare les deux œuvres, on se rend compte que certains passages ont été omis et d'autres ajoutés dans Les Justes. Nous voulons surtout évoquer ici les raisons qui ont poussé Camus à ajouter quatre nouvelles parties. 1. L’apparition du personnage Stepan Si Stepan n’apparaissait pas dans cette œuvre, Camus ne pourrait exprimer ses deux idées phares : l'importance d'être solidaire face à la violence et le refus de tuer des enfants. 2. La scène où Kaliayev et Dora parlent d’amour Grâce à cette scène, il parvient à montrer que même dans ce monde cruel et impitoyable, les héros peuvent en réalité être tendres et affectueux. 3. La scène où Kaliayev reçoit Foka, Skouratov et la Grande-Duchesse Cette scène montre le visage noble d'un Kaliayev qui ne renie pas ses convictions, supportant la critique des représentants de chaque couche sociale (le peuple, le pouvoir et la religion). 4. La scène dans laquelle l’exécution de Kaliayev est évoquée Kaliayev accepte la mort avec détermination et est exécuté dans l’honneur. Son comportement conforte Dora et ses frères dans leur décision de le suivre. Ainsi la première scène permet à l'auteur d'affirmer ses idées tandis que les trois autres scènes, en montrant un amour impossible et des héros qui ne se renient jamais, font de cette pièce une tragédie. En peignant la réalité de révolutionnaires qui, conformément à ses propres opinions, affirment la nécessité de la solidarité et le refus de l'infanticide, Camus a donc créé avec Les Justes une œuvre universelle