Brain computerized tomography reading in suspected acute ischemic stroke patients: what are essentials for medical students?

Background Few systematic methods prioritize the image education in medical students (MS). We hope to develop a checklist of brain computerized tomography (CT) reading in patients with suspected acute ischemic stroke (AIS) for MS and primary care (PC) physicians. Methods Our pilot group generated the items indicating specific structures or signs for the checklist of brain CT reading in suspected AIS patients for MS and PC physicians. These items were used in a modified web-based Delphi process using the online software “SurveyMonkey”. In total 15 panelists including neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, and emergency department physicians participated in the modified Delphi process. Each panelist was encouraged to express feedback, agreement or disagreement on the inclusion of each item using a 9-point Likert scale. Items with median scores of 7–9 were included in our final checklist. Results Fifty-two items were initially provided for the first round of the Delphi process. Of these, 35 achieved general agreement of being an essential item for the MS and PC physicians. The other 17 of the 52 items in this round and another two added items suggested by the panelists were further rated in the next round. Finally, 38 items were included in the essential checklist items of brain CT reading in suspected AIS patients for MS and PC physicians. Conclusions We established a reference regarding the essential items of brain CT reading in suspected AIS patients. We hope this helps to minimize malpractice and a delayed diagnosis, and to improve competency-based medical education for MS and PC physicians

Navigation of a Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicle by Using Stereo Fisheye Cameras in a Known Environment

本文描述仿生機器魚利用雙魚眼攝影機、電子羅盤及加速度計在一個已知的水下環境下的定位演算法。首先，本文介紹一種立體魚眼攝影機的校正方法，經由校正之影像，使用離散適應性增強演算法訓練的哈爾特徵分類器分類，其結果可被用在辨識已知水中目標物，再利用雙眼特徵對應來估測機器魚與已知目標物間的相對距離，而此估測的相對距離即可當作觀測資訊，整合來自電子羅盤及加速度計的資料(航向角度及三軸加速度)所形成之運動模型中。此模型結合運動模型及觀測資訊，構成機器魚之延伸型卡曼濾波器定位演算法，以達成機器魚在已知環境中之自我定位的目的。最後，本論文展示實驗數據，以驗證此導航法之可行性，並說明定位精度與攝影機的量化誤差、感測器雜訊及背景複雜度之關係。This work describes a localization algorithm for a fish robot by utilization of stereo fisheye cameras, a compass, and an accelerometer in a known underwater environment. A theory of the stereo fisheye cameras calibration is introduced. Classifiers which use Haar-like features are trained by discrete AdaBoost algorithm and they are used to recognize known landmarks in the underwater environment. Relative distances between the fish robot and the landmarks are then estimated by using stereo features correspondence. Taking the relative distances with respect to the landmarks as observation information, an extended Kalman filter algorithm integrates them with heading angles and 3-axis accelerations from the compass and the accelerometer into the motion model. The extended Kalman filter localization algorithm generates position estimations for BAUV’s self-localization. Finally, the localization algorithm is verified by experimental data, and it can be demonstrated that localization accuracies are limited by the quantization errors of the cameras, the sensors noises, and the background complexity

Framing Analysis and Representations of the Imports of American Meat Containing Ractopamine in Taiwanese Newspapers

本研究探討台灣政治立場不同的兩大平面媒體—《聯合報》與《自由時報》報導瘦肉精肉品安全風險新聞時再現何種論述框架，背後呈現何種社會意義？而政黨輪替前後媒體所再現的框架論述出現何種變化？兩大報呈現的框架論述是否有差異？本研究以框架分析途徑，輔以內容分析法，比較兩大報2007年7月至9月、2012年1月至3月兩個瘦肉精新聞高峰期的新聞報導。發現報導中出現經貿發展、食品安全爭議、責任歸屬，以及政治工具四個主要框架；立場不同的兩大報，隨著政黨輪替，框架論述也出現很大變化。足見媒體框架有其社會脈絡，且是會隨社會變遷而變化的動態過程。透夠本研究能深入思考隱藏在新聞文本中的權力互動，避免被議題操弄，才能有效作好食品安全風險評估。The thesis used framing analysis as the main research method and content analysis as the subsidiary research method to analyze the two different newspapers in Taiwan, including United Daily News and Liberty Times, which are different political statement from each other. The study object is to explore how the two different newspapers represented the food safety and health risk issue with regard to the lifting Ractopamine ban in Taiwan during the periods between September 2007 and January 2012 that Taiwan’s government for allowing imports of American beef containing the residues of Ractopamine. The framing analysis of the results present four main framing package: the development of economy and trading, the controversy of food safety, Liability /Accountability, and political instruments. The framing in discourse varies between the United Daily News and Liberty Times as a result of their different viewpoints. Moreover, the framing in discourse between two newspapers changes drastically accompanied by party alternation in power. Therefore, the media framing is a dynamic process.目 錄 口試委員會審定書…………………………………………………………………i 致謝………………………………………………………………………………...ii 中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………..iii 英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………..iv 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機 1 第二節 研究背景 2 第三節 研究重點 5 第四節 研究重要性 6 第二章 文獻探討及研究問題 9 第一節 風險的本質、風險社會與風險管理 9 第二節 風險傳播 13 第三節 食品安全風險傳播中的媒體角色 15 第四節 媒體框架與風險建構 18 一、框架的定義 18 二、媒體框架 19 三、框架包裹 21 第五節 食品安全風險議題的媒體再現研究 25 第六節 研究問題 28 第三章 研究方法 30 第一節 研究設計 30 第二節 樣本選擇 31 第三節 新聞框架建構 37 一、一般新聞資料 37 二、新聞內容 38 三、新聞框架分析說明 39 第四章 研究結果 41 第一節 瘦肉精爭議新聞框架的再建構 42 一、經濟利益包裹 46 二、安全爭議包裹 52 三、責任歸屬包裹 58 四、政治工具包裹 64 第二節 瘦肉精新聞框架的競爭與變遷分析 68 第三節 主流報紙再現瘦肉精新聞的框架論述差異分析 71 第五章 討論與結語 77 第一節 研究結果 77 一、瘦肉精爭議新聞框架再現的意識形態與社會價值觀 77 二、瘦肉精是囊括食品風險、政治與經濟爭議的複雜議題 83 三、瘦肉精爭議新聞再現是動態的框架化過程 86 第二節 研究限制與建議 88 第三節 結語 90 參考文獻 9

Utilization of the Raspberry Pi on PRTD Application in Body Temperature Monitoring System

一般進行溫度感測時，經常使用熱電偶來做為感測器；但熱電偶常使量測溫度常有超過0.5℃的誤差，訊號也不穩定，且又容易損壞；當感測端損壞時，必須要將整組設備重新校正，既費時且使用不方便。 　　材料科學的發達，使得PT-100和PT-1000的成本下降，且白金電阻溫度計(PRTD)穩定度非常高。若可縮小PRTD之校正區間，將可達到良好之量測效果，使用在體溫監控系統具有應用價值極大。 　　本研究係利用樹莓派(Raspberry pi 3 model B)輕便且適合撰寫程式及資料處理的優點，配合MCP3008晶片轉換PT100和PT1000的類比訊號，以達成一個體溫監控系統的雛形機設計。 　　根據研究結果顯示PRTD校正後之結果誤差約在0.1℃，極具有開發應用之價值；然在結合樹梅派應用之結果有較大誤差產生，仍需要再改善硬體設備才能達到良好之量測效能。The thermocouples is used as a general temperature sensor. However, the existing shortcoming of the thermocouples made it's error be prone to more than 0.5℃.Its signal is not stable,and easily damaged.The sensing element needs be re-calibrated, so it is a time-consuming and inconvenient device. With the development of material science,the cost of PT-100 and PT-1000 sensing elements are declined, The stability of Platinum Resistance Temperature Detector(PRTD) is improved simultaneously. The narrow band of the Platinum Resistance Temperature Detector (PRTD) correction interval can achieve th desried measurement result.Thus it is valuable to use in the temperature monitoring system. According to the results of the study, PRTD errors were within 0.1℃.However, the application of the Raspberry Pi had the greater error.It is necessary to improve the hardware equipment to achieve better measurement performance.謝誌 i 摘要 ii Abstract iii 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 研究目的 3 第二章 文獻探討 4 2-1溫度測量起源簡介 4 2-2常用溫度感測計種類及原理探討 5 2-3白金電阻文獻探討 9 2-3-1白金電阻 9 2-3-2誤差探討 9 2-4 溫度變化在醫療的重要性 11 2-5 市售體溫計與體溫測量方法探討 13 第三章 材料與方法 20 3-1實驗儀器設備 20 3-2實驗方法與步驟 32 3-3實驗數據前處理 35 3-3-1 線性迴歸 35 3-3-2檢定值判定 35 3-3-3 T檢定 36 3-3-4 PRESS 檢定 36 3-3-5回歸分析 37 第四章 結果與討論 38 4-1:PRTD校正與程式碼設計結果 38 4-1-1 校正示意圖 38 4-1-2:Python程式碼設計 43 4-2:綜合驗證結果比較 45 4-2-1方程式驗正比較 45 4-2-2接上樹梅派之機電整合驗正 46 第五章 結論與建議 49 5-1結論 49 5-2建議 50 第六章 參考文獻 51 附錄A 54 附錄B 62 附錄C 66 附錄D 6

Electrochemically Deposited MoS2 and MnS Multilayers on Nickel Substrates in Inverse Opal Structure as Supercapacitor Microelectrodes

High-dispersion polystyrene (PS) microspheres with monodispersity were successfully synthesized by the non-emulsification polymerization method, and three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals of PS microspheres were fabricated by electrophoretic self-assembly (EPSA). The metal nickel inverse opal structure (IOS) photonic crystal, of which the structural thickness can be freely adjusted via electrochemical deposition (ECD), and subsequently, MnS/MoS2/Ni-IOS specimens were also prepared by ECD. Excellent specific capacitance values (1880 F/g) were obtained at a charge current density of 5 A/g. The samples in this experiment were tested for 2000 cycles of cycle life and still retained a reasonably good level of 76.6% of their initial capacitance value. In this study, the inverse opal structure photonic crystal substrate was used as the starting point, and then the microelectrode material for the MnS/MoS2/Ni-IOS supercapacitor was synthesized. Our findings show that the MnS/MoS2/Ni-IOS microelectrode makes a viable technical contribution to the design and fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors

A Sharing Mind Map-oriented Approach to Enhance Collaborative Mobile Learning With Digital Archiving Systems

With the advances in mobile network technology, the use of portable devices and mobile networks for learning is not limited by time and space. Such use, in combination with appropriate learning strategies, can achieve a better effect. Despite the effectiveness of mobile learning, students’ learning direction, progress, and achievement may differ. Thus, the enhancement of learners’ opinions on the usability and interactivity during mobile learning are challenging issues to overcome. This study developed a sharing mind map-oriented mobile learning system integrated with valuable information preserved in a digital archiving system. In addition to the functions of traditional mind maps, this system also enabled students to complete and record relevant information that they had found onto the mind map and further improve the integrity of their own knowledge. To investigate the effectiveness of this teaching approach, this study added digital archive data and used mind map sharing to help learners develop knowledge.  By using the proposed approach, students were able to perform self-assessment on learning content, choose appropriate learning directions, and progress according to their level of learning. At the same time, they could collaboratively learn with peers to engage themselves more deeply in their learning. That is, their learning motivation could be constantly triggered through the observations and sharing of mind maps from one to another. This study selected sixth graders as its research subjects in two classes at the school where one researcher works. There were 31 and 30 valid samples in the experimental group and control group, respectively, with a total of 61 students. The experimental group was conducted by using sharing mind map with corresponding geographical archived information to investigate the effectiveness of sharing mind map (SMM) in mobile learning; on the other hand, the control group was conducted by using a traditional learning approach. The outcomes indicate that students’ learning performance could be enhanced by using archived information SMM mobile learning

Investigation of extended depth-of-field f/8 camera with optimized cubic phase mask and digital restoration

An investigation of extended depth-of-field camera with optimized phase mask and digital restoration is presented. The goal of this paper is to implement the wavefront coding technique without affecting much of the original design, and the design has taken the complexity of imaging system into consideration. The optimized strength of cubic phase mask (CPM) is based on the analytical optimal solution for the task-based imaging system [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25, 1064 (2008)]. The noisy intermediate images of CPM system with highest spatial frequency of interest can be effectively restored by vector-based Richardson-Lucy algorithm. Restoration from the system with generalized CPM produces precise image position than the system with CPM does. In general, the CPM system procures modulation transfer function higher than 0.195 in the whole depth-of-field, and the mean squared error of the restored images are less than 5 %

Investigation of extended depth-of-field f/8 camera with optimized cubic phase mask and digital restoration

An investigation of extended depth-of-field camera with optimized phase mask and digital restoration is presented. The goal of this paper is to implement the wavefront coding technique without affecting much of the original design, and the design has taken the complexity of imaging system into consideration. The optimized strength of cubic phase mask (CPM) is based on the analytical optimal solution for the task-based imaging system [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25, 1064 (2008)]. The noisy intermediate images of CPM system with highest spatial frequency of interest can be effectively restored by vector-based Richardson-Lucy algorithm. Restoration from the system with generalized CPM produces precise image position than the system with CPM does. In general, the CPM system procures modulation transfer function higher than 0.195 in the whole depth-of-field, and the mean squared error of the restored images are less than 5 %