Increases in Vein Length Compensate for Leaf Area Lost to Lobing in Grapevine

Premise:Leaf lobing and leaf size vary considerably across and within species,including among grapevines (Vitisspp.), some of the best‐studied leaves. Weexamined the relationship between leaf lobing and leaf area across grapevinepopulations that varied in extent of leaf lobing.Methods:We used homologous landmarking techniques to measure 2632 leavesacross 2 years in 476 unique, genetically distinct grapevines fromfive biparentalcrosses that vary primarily in the extent of lobing. We determined to what extent leafarea explained variation in lobing, vein length, and vein to blade ratio.Results:Although lobing was the primary source of variation in shape across theleaves we measured, leaf area varied only slightly as a function of lobing. Rather, leafarea increases as a function of total major vein length, total branching vein length, andvein to blade ratio. These relationships are stronger for more highly lobed leaves, withthe residuals for each model differing as a function of distal lobing.Conclusions:For leaves with different extents of lobing but the same area, the morehighly lobed leaves have longer veins and higher vein to blade ratios, allowing themto maintain similar leaf areas despite increased lobing. Thesefindings show howmore highly lobed leaves may compensate for what would otherwise result in areduced leaf area, allowing for increasedphotosynthetic capacity through similarleaf siz

Rootstock Effects on Scion Phenotypes in a ‘Chambourcin’ Experimental Vineyard

Understanding how root systems modulate shoot system phenotypes is a fundamental question in plant biology and will be useful in developing resilient agricultural crops. Grafting is a common horticultural practice that joins the roots (rootstock) of one plant to the shoot (scion) of another, providing an excellent method for investigating how these two organ systems affect each other. In this study, we used the French-American hybrid grapevine ‘Chambourcin’ (Vitis L.) as a model to explore the rootstock–scion relationship. We examined leaf shape, ion concentrations, and gene expression in ‘Chambourcin’ grown ungrafted as well as grafted to three different rootstocks (‘SO4’, ‘1103P’ and ‘3309C’) across 2 years and three different irrigation treatments. We found that a significant amount of the variation in leaf shape could be explained by the interaction between rootstock and irrigation. For ion concentrations, the primary source of variation identified was the position of a leaf in a shoot, although rootstock and rootstock by irrigation interaction also explained a significant amount of variation for most ions. Lastly, we found rootstock-specific patterns of gene expression in grafted plants when compared to ungrafted vines. Thus, our work reveals the subtle and complex effect of grafting on ‘Chambourcin’ leaf morphology, ionomics, and gene expression

ByzRev 05.2023.022: Daphne Penna – Roos Meijering (eds), A sourcebook on Byzantine law. Illustrating Byzantine law through the sources: (Medieval Law and Its Practice 34). Leiden – Boston: Brill 2022. 208 S. – ISBN 978-90-04-51470-6

Daphne Penna – Roos Meijering (eds), A sourcebook on Byzantine law. Illustrating Byzantine law through the sources (Medieval Law and Its Practice 34). Leiden – Boston: Brill 2022. 208 S. – ISBN 978-90-04-51470-

The Patriarch Alexios Stoudites and the Reinterpretation of Justinianic Legislation against Heretics

Justinian’s laws on Jews testifying in court were reinterpreted by Alexios, probably around 1039, to be applicable to Syrian Orthodox Christians, deemed heretical, in the newly reconquered area of Melitene.</p

ByzRev 02.2020.020: Hylkje de Jong, Ἐντολή (mandatum) in den Basiliken: (Legal History Library 31). Leiden -- Boston: Brill 2020.

Hylkje de Jong, Ἐντολή (mandatum) in den Basiliken (Legal History Library 31). Leiden – Boston: Brill 2020. XII, 239 pp. – ISBN: 978-90-04-41395-5 (€ 94,-

ByzRev 04.2022.014: Johannes Koder, Nomos Georgikos: Das byzantinische Landwirtschaftsgesetz.: Überlegungen zur inhaltlichen und zeitlichen Einordnung. Deutsche Übersetzung (Wiener byzantinistische Studien 32). Wien 2020.

&nbsp; Johannes Koder, Nomos Georgikos: Das byzantinische Landwirtschaftsgesetz. Überlegungen zur inhaltlichen und zeitlichen Einordnung. Deutsche Übersetzung (Wiener byzantinistische Studien 32). Wien 2020. 94 pp. – ISBN 978-3-7001-8695-3 (€ 29.90)

Byzantine Legal Culture under the Macedonian Dynasty, 867-1056

Building upon the pioneering work of legal historians as well as recent scholarship on the Middle Byzantine administration, "Byzantine Legal Culture under the Macedonian Dynasty, 867-1056" is a study which seeks to situate Byzantine law within its broader historical and societal context. This dissertation is an examination of Byzantine Legal Culture, which can be loosely defined as the interaction between laws, jurisprudence and ideas about justice as well as their implementation. The period under examination, from roughly the middle of the ninth to the middle of the eleventh century, was characterized by a "Recleansing of the Ancient Laws", in which the emperors of the Macedonian dynasty made a concerted effort to reassert the empire's Roman legal heritage. This epoch represented the last great efflorescence of Byzantine secular law, as from the twelfth century onward the importance of Byzantine canon law gradually came to encompass and supplant secular law. Underneath an imperially-sanctioned façade of legal continuity, law and legal culture underwent momentous transformations during this period: models and paradigms outside of Roman law considerably influenced judges and jurisprudence; the mores and customs of the élite were legitimated through the legal system; and private law collections seemed to challenge the monopoly of authority held by Roman law. By examining the interplay between Byzantine law and Byzantine culture, this dissertation represents a dynamic new way of examining one of the world's richest legal traditions

Laying a Framework for Arabo-Greek Studies: The Translation of Arabic Scientific Texts into Greek between the Ninth and Fifteenth Centuries

Introduction to the Thematic Section ‘The Translation of&nbsp; Arabic Scientific Texts into Greek &nbsp;between the 9th and 15th Centuries’Introduction to the Thematic Section ‘The Translation of&nbsp; Arabic Scientific Texts into Greek &nbsp;between the 9th and 15th Centuries