TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER: DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION

  Objective: Felodipine, a BCS class II calcium channel blocker, is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. Due to the poor solubility and low bioavailability of the drug, there is a necessity to design an alternative route to achieve a constant plasma concentration of felodipine for its maximum therapeutic utility and can be achieved by transdermal route.Methods: In this study, matrix type transdermal patches were prepared using different combinations of hydrophilic polymer, namely, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydrophobic polymer, namely, ethyl cellulose (EC) by solvent evaporation technique and were subjected for characterization.Results: The Fourier transform infrared studies confirmed the compatibility between drug and polymers. Hydrophilic nature of the polymers greatly influenced physical characteristics and dissolution rate. Equal percentage of PVP and EC yielded patches with good folding endurance. The concentration of plasticizer present in the patches gave them desired folding endurance, and it increased with the presence of hydrophilic polymer. The formulation with highest PVP concentration, F3, exhibited a maximum drug release of 96.23% for 24 hrs. While the formulation with highest EC concentration, F5, exhibited only 74.45% drug release for 24 hrs.Conclusion: From the data, formulation F2 (PVP/EC, 2:1) can be concluded as best formulation due to its desired physical characteristics, good initial drug release, sustained release behavior, and good in vitro permeation. This formulation can be further studied in a clinical scenario

PERANCANGAN APLIKASI CUSTOMER KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (CKM) PADA PT. KERETA API INDONESIA

PERANCANGAN APLIKASI CUSTOMER KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (CKM) PADA PT. KERETA API INDONESIA

Uji Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Pelembab Bibir (Lip Balm) Ekstrak Etanol Buah Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Buah tomat (Solanum lycorpersicum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung banyak senyawa yang dapat melembabkan kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi ekstrak etanol buah tomat menjadi sediaan lip balm yang stabil secara fisik dan mengetahui formula berapa sediaan lip balm disukai responden. Formulasi sediaan lip balm dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak etanol buah tomat 3%, 5%, dan 7%. Evaluasi yang dilakukan terhadap stabilitas fisik sediaan meliputi uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat, dan uji kesukaan. Uji stabilitas dilakukan pada suhu kamar selama 28 hari dan dilakukan pengamatan pada hari ke 0, 7, 14, 21, dan 28. Hasil stabilitas fisik menunjukkan bahwa semua sediaan yang dibuat telah memenuhi semua persyaratan stabilitas fisik sediaan dan sediaan yang disukai oleh responden adalah formula 3. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol buah tomat dapat diformulasi dalam bentuk sediaan lip balm yang stabil secara fisik dan formula yang disukai responden adalah formula 3

Potential Cost Savings Associated with Targeted Substitution of Current Guideline-Concordant Inpatient Agents with Omadacycline for the Treatment of Adult Hospitalized Patients with Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia at High Risk for Clostridioides difficile Infections: Results of Healthcare-Decision Analytic Model from the United States Hospital Perspective

Approximately 3% of hospitalized patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) develop healthcare-associated Clostridioides difficile infection (HCA-CDI). The validated Davis risk score (DRS) indicates that patients with a DRS ≥ 6 are at an increased risk of 30-day HCA-CDI. In the phase 3 OPTIC CABP study, 14% of CABP patients with DRS ≥ 6 who received moxifloxacin developed CDI vs. 0% for omadacycline. This study assessed the potential economic impact of substituting current guideline-concordant CABP inpatient treatments with omadacycline in hospitalized CABP patients with a DRS ≥ 6 across US hospitals. A deterministic healthcare-decision analytic model was developed. The model population was hospitalized adult CABP patients with a DRS ≥ 6 across US hospitals (100,000 patients). In the guideline-concordant arm, 14% of CABP patients with DRS ≥ 6 were assumed to develop an HCA-CDI, each costing USD 20,100. In the omadacycline arm, 5 days of therapy was calculated for the entire model population. The use of omadacycline in place of guideline-concordant CABP inpatient treatments for CABP patients with DRS ≥ 6 was estimated to result in cost savings of USD 55.4 million annually across US hospitals. The findings of this simulated model suggest that prioritizing the use of omadacycline over current CABP treatments in hospitalized CABP with a DRS ≥ 6 may potentially reduce attributable HCA-CDI costs. The findings are not unique to omadacycline and could be applied to any antibiotic that confers a lower risk of HCA-CDI relative to current CABP inpatient treatments