New discovery of a large-sized Tetraconodon (Artiodactyla, Suidae) from the lower part of the Irrawaddy Formation, Myanmar

New fossil dentitions of a large-sized Tetraconodon (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Suidae) were discovered from the lower part of the Irrawaddy Formation, Migyaungye Township, Magway Division, central Myanmar. These specimens are the largest among the Tetraconodon specimens ever found in Myanmar. The molar dimensions of these specimens are similar with those of Tetraconodon magnus but are smaller in the dimensions of last two premolars than T. magnus. Therefore, we assigned these specimens as Tetraconodon sp. cf. T. magnus. The occurrence of a large Tetraconodon confirms an Upper Miocene age for the lower part of the Irrawaddy Formation

Discovery of Propotamochoerus (Artiodactyla, Suidae) from the Neogene of Myanmar

Dento-gnathic specimens of Propotamochoerus (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Suidae) were discovered from the upper Miocene and lower Pliocene of the Irrawaddy Group, central Myanmar. These specimens were identified as Propotamochoerus hysudricus and Propotamochoerus sp. cf. P. hysudricus. The discovery of P. cf. hysudricus from the lower Pliocene indicates a younger stratigraphic position of this genus. Small size of the premolars in the lower Pliocene specimens possibly suggests an intermediate stage of dental evolution for this form

Isotopic niche modelling of the Pondaung mammal fauna (middle Eocene, Myanmar) shows microhabitat differences. Insights into paleoecology and early anthropoid primate habitats

The late Middle Eocene Pondaung Fm. is a window to understand the environment and ecosystem dynamics of a past greenhouse world and the paleoenvironments where modern mammal clades such as anthropoid primates originated. Previous studies focused on the overall climate and vegetation of this Eocene habitat and provided first evidence for an early monsoon onset before the orogenesis of the Himalayan-Tibetan range. Here, we wanted to investigate how the mammal fauna used this habitat and which different ecological niches and microhabitats they occupied. We analyzed the carbonate fraction of dental enamel of a fossil mammal assemblage from various localities of the Pondaung Fm. in Myanmar. Bayesian niche modelling of the δ13C and δ18O values allowed us to quantify aspects of the ecological core niches occupied by these taxa, to calculate niche overlap and to use these data to infer directional competition potential in this mammal assemblage. Furthermore, comparison of different areas of the Pondaung Fm. revealed two different microhabitats whose distribution is consistent with existing vegetation models. Most primate taxa were found in both described environments, which gives a first indication about their ecological flexibility

Geometric Kinect Joints Computing for Human Fall Recognition

This paper proposes an computing analysis onhuman geometric shape features to detect a fallbehavior. The system mainly computes the changeson human orientation (torso angle) and centroidheight via the human skeleton joints extracted byKinect sensor. The system computes and tracks thespatial changes of these human orientation andcentroid height and distinguishs a fall behavioramong other daily activities by using a thresholdingalgorithm. The main objective of this computation isto minize the computational time and to increase thetrue alarms in developing a fall detection. The systemworks the feature extraction on our collected falldetection dataset containing the fall data along withdaily activities such as sitting down, lying, combing.Standing, etc., are collected by Microsoft Kinectsensor

Discovery of chalicothere and Dorcabune from the upper part (lower Pleistocene) of the Irrawaddy Formation, Myanmar

We describe fossil dental specimens of a chalicothere (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) and Dorcabune (Tragulidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) discovered from the upper part (lower Pleistocene) of the Irrawaddy Formation at Gwebin area, central Myanmar. The specimens described here consist of three molar fossils: a left upper molar and a left M, or M 2 of a chalicothere (cf. Nestoritherium sp.); and a right M3 of Dorcabune sp. Although fragmentally, this is the first discovery of the Chalicotheriidae and Dorcabune from the upper part of the Irrawaddy Formation

A preliminary report on the freshwater molluscan fossils from Myanmar

Three named species and nine indeterminate species of freshwater molluscan fossils are found from the Eocene, Mio-Pleistocene, and Holocene of central Myanmar. The Eocene fossils are found from the Pondaung Formation and consist of an indeterminate viviparid gastropod, indicating a shallow-water environment. The Mio-Pleistocene fossils were found from the Irrawaddy Beds and consists of Melanoides sp. indet., Brotia costula, Indonaia? sp. indet., Radiatula sp. cf. Radiatula lima, Lamellidens sp. indet., Parreysia favidens, and P. pernodulosa. The molluscan fauna of the Irrawaddy Beds is characterized by occurrence of comparative species in Myanmar and in South Asia, indicating that a similar water system with present one in that time. The Holocene fossils were found from the Buddaw Zinaw Cave deposit and consist of Margarya sp. and Brotia costula. Among the Holocene fossils, Margarya is a representative genus of the recent freshwater molluscan fauna of Yunnan (southern China), indicating that a water system extended between Yunnan and central Myanmar in that time

A revision of Tetraconodon (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Suidae) from the Miocene of Myanmar and description of a new species.

We describe five new dento-gnathic specimens of Tetraconodon, a genus of Miocene tetraconodontine suid (Mammalia, Artiodactyla), discovered in Myanmar (FBurma). In Myanmar, we recognized three distinct species of Tetraconodon (T. minor, T. intermedius and T. malensis sp. nov.) and one specifi- cally undetermined specimen, which is here named Tetraconodon sp. cf. T. intermedius. The new species, T. malensis, has characteristics of Tetraconodon, such as extremely enlarged P4 and simple and relatively small M3. It is distinct from the other Tetraconodon species in being much smaller, suggesting that it is the most primitive known Tetraconodon species. The dental size and characteristics of T. malensis suggest that Tetraconodon was derived during the late middle Miocene from the early middle Miocene Conohyus sindiensis, which was discovered in the Siwalik Group of Indo-Pakistan and Nepal and has also been found in the middle Miocene deposits of Thailand, or a close relative. The discovery of the most primitive form in Myanmar suggests that Tetraconodon may have originated in Myanmar

Discovery of propotamochoerus (Artiodactyla, Suidae) from the Neogene of Myanmar

Dento-gnathic specimens of Propotamochoerus (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Suidae) were discovered from the upper Miocene and lower Pliocene of the Irrawaddy Group, central Myanmar. These specimens were identified as Propotamochoerus hysudricus and Propotamochoerus sp. cf. P. hysudricus. The discovery of P. cf. hysudricus from the lower Pliocene indicates a younger stratigraphic position of this genus. Small size of the premolars in the lower Pliocene specimens possibly suggests an intermediate stage of dental evolution for this form