264 research outputs found
Engineering the Next Generation of Solid State Proton Conductors: Synthesis and Properties of Ba_(3−x)K_(x)H_(x)(PO_4)_2
A new series of compounds with general chemical formula Ba_(3−x)K_(x)H_(x)(PO_4)_2 has been successfully prepared. This particular stoichiometry was targeted as a candidate solid-state proton conductor because of its anticipated structural similarity to known M_(3)H(XO_4)_2 superprotonic conductors (M = Cs, Rb, NH4, K; X = Se, S) and to the known trigonal compound Ba_(3)(PO_4)_2. The materials were synthesized from aqueous solution using barium acetate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and potassium hydroxide as starting materials. Through variations in the initial solution stoichiometry or the synthesis temperature, the final stoichiometry could be controlled from x ~ 0.5 to ~1. X-ray powder diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy chemical analysis, ^(1)H magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were all employed to establish potassium and proton incorporation. The diffraction data confirmed crystallization of a trigonal phase, and chemical analysis showed the (Ba+K):P ratio to be 3:2, consistent with the target stoichiometry. The conductivity of the Ba_(3−x)K_(x)H_(x)(PO_4)_2 materials, as measured by A.C. impedance spectroscopy, is about 3 orders of magnitude greater than the end-member Ba_(3)(PO_4)_2 material with only a slight dependence on x, however, it is substantially lower than that of typical superprotonic conductors and of the M_(3)H(XO_4)_2 materials in particular. The close proximity of Ba to the hydrogen bond site is proposed to explain this behavior. At 250 °C, the conductivity is 2.4 × 10^(−5) S/cm for the composition x = 0.80, which, when combined with the water insolubility and the relatively high thermal stability, may render Ba_(3−x)K_(x)H_(x)(PO_4)_2 an attractive alternative in selected electrochemical applications to known superprotonic conductors
The infrared imaging spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: electronics-cable architecture
The InfraRed Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) is a first-light instrument for the
Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). It combines a diffraction limited imager and an
integral field spectrograph. This paper focuses on the electrical system of
IRIS. With an instrument of the size and complexity of IRIS we face several
electrical challenges. Many of the major controllers must be located directly
on the cryostat to reduce cable lengths, and others require multiple bulkheads
and must pass through a large cable wrap. Cooling and vibration due to the
rotation of the instrument are also major challenges. We will present our
selection of cables and connectors for both room temperature and cryogenic
environments, packaging in the various cabinets and enclosures, and techniques
for complex bulkheads including for large detectors at the cryostat wall
Thirty Meter Telescope science instruments: a status report
An overview of the current status of the science instruments for the Thirty Meter Telescope is presented. Three first-light instruments as well as a science calibration unit for AO-assisted instruments are under development. Developing instrument collaborations that can design and build these challenging instruments remains an area of intense activity. In addition to the instruments themselves, a preliminary design for a facility cryogenic cooling system based on gaseous helium turbine expanders has been completed. This system can deliver a total of 2.4 kilowatts of cooling power at 65K to the instruments with essentially no vibrations. Finally, the process for developing future instruments beyond first light has been extensively discussed and will get under way in early 2017
Flowdown of the TMT astrometry error budget(s) to the IRIS design
TMT has defined the accuracy to be achieved for both absolute and
differential astrometry in its top-level requirements documents. Because of the
complexities of different types of astrometric observations, these requirements
cannot be used to specify system design parameters directly. The TMT astrometry
working group therefore developed detailed astrometry error budgets for a
variety of science cases. These error budgets detail how astrometric errors
propagate through the calibration, observing and data reduction processes. The
budgets need to be condensed into sets of specific requirements that can be
used by each subsystem team for design purposes. We show how this flowdown from
error budgets to design requirements is achieved for the case of TMT's
first-light Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (IRIS) instrument.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. Proceeding of SPIE, Astronomical Telescopes and
Instrumentation 201
What We Mean When We Talk About Adherence In Respiratory Medicine
The Respiratory Effectiveness Group (REG; www.effectivenessevaluation.org) supported the Expert Adherence Panel Meeting at which many of the concepts presented in this paper were first discussed. REG also supported the manuscript submission costs. ALD, EvG, and MdB have received funding from the European Community's 7th Framework (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 282593. Teva supported the meeting costs at which the concepts in this paper were discussed by the co-authors and the open access publication fee for this article. The authors had full editorial control over the ideas presented.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
The InfraRed Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: photometric precision and ghost analysis
The InfraRed Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) is a first-light instrument for the
Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) that will be used to sample the corrected adaptive
optics field by NFIRAOS with a near-infrared (0.8 - 2.4 m) imaging camera
and Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS). In order to understand the science case
specifications of the IRIS instrument, we use the IRIS data simulator to
characterize photometric precision and accuracy of the IRIS imager. We present
the results of investigation into the effects of potential ghosting in the IRIS
optical design. Each source in the IRIS imager field of view results in ghost
images on the detector from IRIS's wedge filters, entrance window, and
Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector (ADC) prism. We incorporated each of these
ghosts into the IRIS simulator by simulating an appropriate magnitude point
source at a specified pixel distance, and for the case of the extended ghosts
redistributing flux evenly over the area specified by IRIS's optical design. We
simulate the ghosting impact on the photometric capabilities, and found that
ghosts generally contribute negligible effects on the flux counts for point
sources except for extreme cases where ghosts coalign with a star of
m2 fainter than the ghost source. Lastly, we explore the photometric
precision and accuracy for single sources and crowded field photometry on the
IRIS imager.Comment: SPIE 2018, 14 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables, Proceedings of SPIE
10702-373, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VII,
10702A7 (16 July 2018
The infrared imaging spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: electronics-cable architecture
The InfraRed Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) is a first-light instrument for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). It combines a diffraction limited imager and an integral field spectrograph. This paper focuses on the electrical system of IRIS. With an instrument of the size and complexity of IRIS we face several electrical challenges. Many of the major controllers must be located directly on the cryostat to reduce cable lengths, and others require multiple bulkheads and must pass through a large cable wrap. Cooling and vibration due to the rotation of the instrument are also major challenges. We will present our selection of cables and connectors for both room temperature and cryogenic environments, packaging in the various cabinets and enclosures, and techniques for complex bulkheads including for large detectors at the cryostat wall
Imperfect identity
Questions of identity over time are often hard to answer. A long
tradition has it that such questions are somehow soft: they have no unique,
determinate answer, and disagreements about them are merely verbal. I
argue that this claim is not the truism it is taken to be. Depending on how
it is understood, it turns out either to be false or to presuppose a highly
contentious metaphysical claim
dictyBase, the model organism database for Dictyostelium discoideum
dictyBase () is the model organism database (MOD) for the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. The unique biology and phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium offer a great opportunity to gain knowledge of processes not characterized in other organisms. The recent completion of the 34 MB genome sequence, together with the sizable scientific literature using Dictyostelium as a research organism, provided the necessary tools to create a well-annotated genome. dictyBase has leveraged software developed by the Saccharomyces Genome Database and the Generic Model Organism Database project. This has reduced the time required to develop a full-featured MOD and greatly facilitated our ability to focus on annotation and providing new functionality. We hope that manual curation of the Dictyostelium genome will facilitate the annotation of other genomes
Xanthusbase: adapting wikipedia principles to a model organism database
xanthusBase () is the official model organism database (MOD) for the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. In many respects, M.xanthus represents the pioneer model organism (MO) for studying the genetic, biochemical, and mechanistic basis of prokaryotic multicellularity, a topic that has garnered considerable attention due to the significance of biofilms in both basic and applied microbiology research. To facilitate its utility, the design of xanthusBase incorporates open-source software, leveraging the cumulative experience made available through the Generic Model Organism Database (GMOD) project, MediaWiki (), and dictyBase (), to create a MOD that is both highly useful and easily navigable. In addition, we have incorporated a unique Wikipedia-style curation model which exploits the internet's inherent interactivity, thus enabling M.xanthus and other myxobacterial researchers to contribute directly toward the ongoing genome annotation
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