IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF NF-kB (P50/P65 ) IN PATIENT WITH AGGRESSIVE AND CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

Background: Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) is a protein complex that plays a role in transcription factors and in response to inflammation. Periodontitis is a periodontal disorder caused by various bacteria such as A. actinomycetemcomitan and P.gingivalis whose LPS is closely related to NF-κB (p50/p65). Aim: This study observed whether NF-κB (p50/p65) played a role in aggressive and chronic periodontitis. Methods: Data were obtained from periodontal tissue 40 patients with aggressive periodontitis and 40 patients with chronic periodontitis. Samples were derived from periodontal tissue with abnormalities and NF-κB (p50/p65) protein expression test was performed by immunohistochemistry. The statistical test used was the t-test. Results: In NF-κB (p50) the t value was -12 041 and significance 0.000, with α = 5%, showing significant difference in protein expression of NF-κB (p50) between patients with aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis. OR estimation for the value of protein expression of NF-κB (p50)was 0.64 (sign. = 0.000). It shows that if the protein expression of NF-κB (p50) of the respondents is incremented by 1 (one) unit, the risk of chronic periodontitis increases 1.64 times. Box plot diagram shows that the distribution of the protein expression of NF- κB (p50) between patients with aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis patients is significantly different. In NF-κB (p65) the Z value was -7.137 and significance of 0000, with α = 5%, showed significant differences in protein expression of NF-κB (p65) between patients with aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis. OR estimates for protein expression of NF-κB (p65) was 0.66 (sign. = 0.000). This indicates that if the protein expression of NF-κB (p65) respondents is incremented by 1 (one) unit, the risk of chronic periodontitis increases 1.5 times. Box plot diagram shows that the distribution of the protein expression of NF-κB (p65) between patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis patients is significantly different. Conclusion: The protein expression of NF-κB (p50/p65) has more influence on the incidence of chronic periodontitis patients, so it can be used as a marker for chronic periodontitis. Key words: periodontitis, inflammation, NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65, transcriptio

Toll-like receptor–4 gene polymorphisms in Javanese aggressive and chronic periodontitis patients

Background: Tool-like receptor-4 (TLR4) gene polymorphisms affect the ability of the host in response to pathogenic bacteria, and can also be associated with the severity of periodontitis. TLR4 gene polymorphisms (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) are ones of gene mutations that occur in patients with aggressive periodontitis. Purpose: To investigate the involvement of TLR4 gene polymorphism as a risk factor of aggressive and chronic periodontitis of Javanese population in Surabaya. Method: This research can be considered as an analytic observational study, with a case-control study design in patients with aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis. DNA samples were derived from peripheral blood. TLR4 gene polymorphisms (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) were then observed by PCR-RFLP. Result: There was no TLR4 gene polymorphism (Asp299Gly) in the whole samples. And, based on the results of simple logistic regression analysis on TLR4 gene polymorphisms (Thr399Ile), mutants heterozygote and homozygote obtained had OR value about 0.25. Conclusion: In Surabaya, there was no heterozygote and homozygote mutant in TLR4 gene polymorphisms, (Asp299Gly) and (Thr399Ile), that can be considered as risk factors of chronic periodontitis. Keywords: gene polymorphisms; TLR4; aggressive periodontitis; chronic periodontiti

Interleukin-1b expression on periodontitis patients in Surabaya

Background: Periodontal disease, commonly known as periodontitis is an infectious disease which has multifactorial etiologic factors. It may affect everybody in any ages with no gender nor sex predilection and usually can be detected under routine clinical examination. This disease is a manifestation of local factors, host factor and environmental factors, resulting in periodontal tissue damage which may cause tooth mobility and tooth loss. Interleukin-1 is a pro-inflammatory protein which functions primarily as inflammatory mediator in host innate immune responses. IL-1 is a regulator, affecting many biological activities including proliferation, development, homeostasis, regeneration, repair and inflammation which contribute to tissue damage and alveolar bone resorption. Purpose: This research was aimed to reveal the basic pathogenesis of periodontitis and could determine the future definitive treatment for patients with periodontitis. Methods: Data were obtained from 40 patients with aggressive periodontitis and 40 patients with chronic periodontitis. Samples were collected from periodontal tissue patients and protein expression of IL-1b was performed with immunohistochemistry. Results: Most female patient suffer aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis. The datas were analyzed with t-test. The t values result was -8623, significance 0.001, with a = 5%, which indicated there was significant difference in IL-1b expression between aggressive and chronic periodontitis. The box plot diagram showed marked difference in distribution of protein expression of IL-1b between patients with aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis. With a regression equation, it might be concluded that the protein expression of IL-1b might affect the incidence of aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis. The OR value was calculated for 0.746 (sign.= 0.001), which indicate each increment of one unit protein expression of IL-1b will lead the risk for Aggressive periodontitis 0.746 times higher or if the protein expression of respondents increased one unit, the risk of chronic IL-1b periodontitis may be 1.34 times higher. Conclusion: This study elucidated that the elevation proteins expression of IL-1b in patients with chronic periodontitis demonstrated this cytokine as an indicator of inflammation. Key words: Aggressive periodontitis, chronic periodontitis, interleukin-1b abstra

Multidisciplinary management of a mandibular buccal plate perforation

Background: Endodontists often have difficulty in the management of endo-perio cases, because they cannot visually detect the condition of outer root surfaces, especially in bucco-lateral roots. The bone defect is rare and its treatment needs collaboration of endodontists and periodontists. An endodontist treats cases based on dental history, radiograph of root canals to measure root canals, to uncover abnormalities and to diagnose, but as the endodontists cannot directly see the affected parts, the unseen portion of the tooth could only be seen after flap surgery. Purpose: This case presents the importance of multidisciplinary approach by the endodontist and periodontitis to treat bucal plate perforations in endo-perio cases. Case: The first patient, a 47-year-old female had endodontic treatment and a porcelain crown restoration; however, after several months she felt pain. The second patient, a 45 year-old female had endodontic treatment and after six months she feel painful. Case management: The first patient, was referred to a periodontist. The opening flap surgery has been done, a bone defect was found in tooth 45. Subsequently, the exposed crater was filled with a bone graft and the pain disappeared. The second patient, with improper endodontic treatment. The flap surgery was conducted, there was found a bone defect in tooth 36. The last treatment, a bone graft has been covered and then the pain was not present. Conclusion: Proper diagnosis and treatment of perforations on the buccal aspect of a root was able to eliminate pain and avoid tooth extraction. Key words: Bucco-lateral defect, endo-perio lesion, managemen

Collagen from marine source for regenerative therapy: A literature review

Abstract. All species of multicellular organisms are formed from connective tissue in which the main forming protein is collagen. Collagen is usually extracted from animal species and their waste products. Because of the prevalence of dangerous infectious diseases (zoonosis) and religious reasons in some countries, research is needed on other sources of non-mammalian natural biomaterials. At present, many bioactive material derived from marine source have been developed. Collagen derived from marine source has several advantages, namely good biocompatibility, low imunogenicity, high levels of direct cell adhesion, and high biodegradability. The excellent biocompatibility of marine collagen has shown its potential in tissue engineering and in regenerative therapy for biomaterial scaffolding

TISSUE ENGINEERING: HARAPAN MASA DEPAN MENGATASI MASALAH PENDERITA DENGAN PERIODONTITIS AGRESIF Pidato Disampaikan pada Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar dalam Bidang Ilmu Periodonsia pada Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Airlangga di Surabaya pada Hari Sabtu, Tanggal 28 Juli 2018

Telah lama diketahui bahwa rongga mulut merupakan jalan masuk segala hal ke dalam tubuh kita, sehingga memperhatikan kesehatan rongga mulut merupakan pertahanan penting tubuh kita terhadap invasi kuman, yang merupakan sumber infeksi. Kelainan di dalam rongga mulut, sangat mempengaruhi kesehatan tubuh seorang penderita secara menyeluruh. Penyakit periodontal yang tidak dirawat dapat berlanjut dan menyebabkan Periodontitis parah (Periodontitis Agresif) yang dapat mengakibatkan kehilangan gigi dengan sendirinya dari dalam mulut penderita. Kelainan ini dapat mengenai semua golongan masyarakat, tanpa membedakan status suku (ras) usia, dan jenis kelamin. Periodontitis Agresif dapat terjadi pada penderita usia muda yang masih produktif, keadaan ini menyebabkan seorang penderita mengalami depresi yang berkepanjangan

Repositioning of Overerupted Upper Molar for Facilitating Lower Implant Placement with Miniscrews

Loss of the mandibular first molar often leads to the overeruption of the opposing maxillary first molar, resulting in inadequate interocclusal space. In this report, two miniscrews were placed into the buccal and palatal region of the upper first molar to correct the overerupted teeth using power chains. Progress of treatment was evaluated every two weeks for five months. The clinical results showed significant intrusion while maintaining periodontal health, tooth vitality, and root length

Induced pluripotent stem cells in periodontal reconstructive therapy: A narrative review of pre-clinical studies

Background: Regenerative periodontal surgical therapy faces significant challenges due to the limited ability of the body to regenerate damaged periodontal tissue. One of the primary goals in regenerative periodontal therapy is regaining periodontal tissue attachment after destruction by periodontal disease. Currently, stem cells, harnessing three pivotal components—cells, biomaterials, and growth factors—are widely used in periodontal regeneration. Stem cells can be obtained from various sources, either by isolating cells from bone marrow, teeth, and muscles or through the somatic cell programming method (reprogramming) known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Purpose: This review aims to describe the potential use of iPSCs in the treatment of periodontal defects. Review: Search strategies were developed using the PubMed, LILACS, Scielo, and Wiley online databases during the period of 2012–2022. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria. iPSCs were obtained by inducing somatic cells from both dental and non-dental sources with factors Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. Periodontal tissue regeneration procedures can be augmented with iPSCs. Unlike tooth-based stem cells, iPSCs offer several advantages, such as unlimited cell sources and the capability to differentiate into any cell type, including periodontal tissue. The potential of iPSCs extends to correcting periodontal bone defects and forming new periodontal tissues, such as alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament. However, iPSCs do have limitations, including the need for clinical trials, cell programming production facilities, and optimization of differentiated-cell functionality. Conclusion: The combined use of iPSCs in cell-based tissue engineering holds vast potential for future periodontal treatment strategies

Expression of Osterix and SOX9 after Administration of Gourami Fish Scale Collagen in Wistar Rats

The current goal of periodontal treatments is to regenerate periodontal tissue by adding bone grafts. Various materials are being explored as bone substitutes, including type 1 collagen. Gourami fish scales are known to be an alternative source of type 1 collagen and have potential as a substitute material for bone grafts. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an increase in the expression of Osterix (OSX) and SOX9 after the administration of gourami (Osphronemus goramy) fish scale collagen in extracted socket Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The research was conducted on 32 male Wistar rats that were classified into four groups: control groups on day 7 (K7) and day 14 (K14); and treatment groups on day 7 (P7) and day 14 (P14). The expression of OSX and SOX9 was visualized by immunohistochemical staining of bone tissue preparations by anti-OSX and SOX9 monoclonal antibodies. The ANOVA results for OSX expression had a significant difference in OSX expression between that in the control and treatment groups on day 7 and day 14. The ANOVA results for SOX9 expression on day 7 had a significant difference in SOX9 expression between that in the control and treatment groups. ANOVA results for SOX9 expression on day 14 had no significant difference in the expression of SOX9 between the treatment and control groups. The conclusion of this study was administration of Gourami scale collagen can increase the expression of OSX and SOX9 in socket’s Wistar rats