Protective effect of Cardiospermum halicacabum leaf extract on glycoprotein components on STZ–induced hyperglycemic rats

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the protective role of Cardiospermum halicacabum (C. halicacabum) leaf extract on glycoprotein metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.MethodsDiabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by intraperitonial administration of STZ. The C. halicacabum leaf extract (CHE) was administered orally to normal and STZ–diabetic rats for 45 days. The effects of C. halicacabum leaf extract (CHE) on plasma and tissue glycoproteins (hexose, hexosamine, fucose and sialic acid) were determined.ResultsThe levels of plasma and tissues glycoproteins containing hexose, hexosamine and fucose were significantly increased in STZ–induced diabetic rats. In addition, the level of sialic acid significantly increased in plasma and liver while decreased in kidney of STZ–induced diabetic rats. After administration of CHE to diabetic rats, the metabolic alteration of glycoprotein reverted towards normal levels.ConclusionsThe present study indicates that the CHE possesses a protective effect on abnormal glycoprotein metabolism in addition to its antihyperglycemic activity

INFLUENCE OF CARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM LEAF EXTRACT ON MEMBRANE BOUND ENZYMES IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Background: Cardiospermum halicacabum L. has been proven scientifically to possess anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, antiglycation, analgesic and antipyretic activities. It also has been used in Ayurveda and folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, fever and earache. Objective: In the present study, we investigated whether the Cardiospermum halicacabum leaf extract (CHE) can improve the membrane bound enzymes activity by streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by intraperitonial administration of STZ. The CHE was administered orally to normal and STZ-diabetic rats for 45 days. Results: There were a marked decrease in the activities of membrane bound phosphatases such as total ATPases, Na+/K+-ATPases, Mg2+-ATPases and Ca2+-ATPases in the erythrocytes and tissues of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of CHE to diabetic rats significantly increased the activities of these enzymes towards near normalcy. Conclusions: Thus, the present study indicates that the beneficial role of membrane bound enzymes in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic properties of CHE (Veeramani et al., 2008; Veeramani et al., 2010) could be helpful to maintain the levels of membrane bound enzymes in STZ-induced diabetic rats showing the membrane stabilizing property of extract

MORIN, A FLAVONOID, ON LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN EXPERIMENTAL MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIC RATS

Background: Myocardial infarction affects a large population in the world. Lipid peroxide metabolism plays an important role in the pathology of myocardial infarction. Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant potential of morin, a flavonoid in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI), in rats. Materials and Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were pre-treated with morin (40 mg/kg), daily for a period of 30 days. After the treatment period, ISO (85 mg/kg), was subcutaneously injected in rats at an interval of 24 h for 2 days. Results: ISO-administered rats showed elevated levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and lipid hydro-peroxide (LOOH), in plasma and heart. Pretreatment with morin, the above changes were significantly reduced to near normal level. ISO-administered rats showed decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in heart. In addition, decrease the levels non enzymatic antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and vitamin E in plasma and heart while ceruloplasmin in plasma. Conclusion: Pretreatment with morin, reversed these above biochemical changes towards normalcy. These findings revealed that, the morin possess antioxidant activity in experimentally induced cardiac toxicity

Return and Volatility Spillovers of Asian Pacific Stock Markets’ Energy Indices

The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of volatility among the Energy Indices of Asia Pacific Stock Markets. To test the volatility among the daily returns of Energy Indices of Asia Pacific Stock Markets, the study selected five sample Asian Pacific stock markets’ Energy Indices on the basis of availability of data. The findings of descriptive statistics and the ADF Test revealed, that the daily returns of the sample energy indices of Asian Pacific stock markets were not normally distributed and achieved stationarity at level difference, over the research period. Hence the data may be used for additional analysis. The data were then analysed, by using the GARCH (1,1) model to assess the considerable volatility of daily returns of sample energy indices and the study, which revealed that during the study period, all of the sample energy indices were volatile

Fuzzy Mathematical Programming approach for Solving Fuzzy Linear Fractional Programming Problem

In this paper, a solution procedure is proposed to solve fuzzy linear fractional programming (FLFP) problem where cost of the objective function, the resources and the technological coefficients are triangular fuzzy numbers. Here, the FLFP problem is transformed into an equivalent deterministic multi-objective linear fractional programming (MOLFP) problem. By using Fuzzy Mathematical programming approach transformed MOLFP problem is reduced single objective linear programming (LP) problem. The proposed procedure illustrated through a numerical example

An optimal control of bi-modal COVID-19 SEIQR epidemic spreading model in India

A pandemic is a disease that spreads over a broad territory. COVID-19 is the latest pandemic to be reported, following the 1918 flu pandemic. We develop a compartmental model based on the classic SEIQR model to investigate coronavirus dynamics in India, incorporating bi-modal susceptible variables and quarantine in this article. We found the reproduction number by using the next-generation matrix. The stability results were statistically validated using the reproduction number. Moreover, global stability analyses are performed analytically and illustrated through numerical simulations. In optimal control analysis, four control parameters are used to explore the increase and decrease of the infected and exposed individuals

Galangin, a dietary flavonoid, ameliorates hyperglycaemia and lipid abnormalities in rats with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia

Context: Galangin, a natural flavonoid, is found in honey and Alpinia officinarum Hance (Zingiberaceae). Galangin has antiviral, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and anticancer properties, without side effects. The effects of galangin on hyperglycaemia and lipid abnormalities are not known. Objective: To elucidate the effectiveness of galangin on hyperglycaemia-associated complications and lipid changes in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycaemia. Materials and methods: Diabetes was induced in adult Wistar rats by administering 40 mg/kg of STZ. In our previous study, galangin had no toxicity at concentrations up to 320 mg/kg. Therefore three doses of galangin (4, 8 or 16 mg/kg BW) or glibenclamide (600 µg/kg BW) were administered daily to diabetic rats orally for 45 days. Results: Diabetic rats showed a significant (p < 0.05) increased levels of plasma glucose (281.10 mg/dL) and decreased levels of insulin (6.01 μU/mL). Additionally, diabetic rats showed a significant (p < 0.05) increased levels of plasma lipid profiles such as total cholesterol (149.05 mg/dL), triglycerides (143.28 mg/dL), free fatty acids (139.37 mg/dL), phospholipids (127.53 mg/dL), plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (98.72 mg/dL), plasma very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (28.65 mg/dL), and significant (p < 0.05) decreased in plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (21.68 mg/dL). When galangin was administered to the hyperglycaemic rats, plasma glucose and insulin levels and lipid profiles reverted to levels similar to those in healthy control rats. Discussion and conclusions: Administration of galangin reduced hyperlipidaemia related to the risk of diabetic complications and could be beneficial for diabetic hyperlipidaemic patients. Further work detailing its mechanism-of-action for improving hyperglycaemic-associated lipid abnormalities is needed

Galangin, a natural flavonoid reduces mitochondrial oxidative damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Objective: We designed this study to observe the effect of galangin on damaged mitochondria in the liver of diabetic rats. Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were made diabetic by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally (40 mg kg−1 body weight (BW)). Galangin (8 mg kg−1 BW) or glibenclamide (600 µg kg−1 BW) was given orally daily once for 45 days to both healthy and diabetic rats. Results: Diabetic rats showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in liver mitochondrial oxidant [Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS)] level and a significant decrease in enzymatic [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] and non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione (GSH)) antioxidant levels when compared with healthy rats. The mitochondrial enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes NADH-dehydrogenase and Cytochrome c-oxidase were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in diabetic rats when compared with healthy rats. A natural flavonoid galangin administered to hyperglycemia-induced rats resulted in the following findings as compared to hyperglycemia-induced control rats: the oxidant levels decreased significantly (P < 0.05); the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) and the function of mitochondrial enzymes and the mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes increased significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion: From the results, we conclude that galangin could maintain liver mitochondrial function in diabetic rats

Pouteria caimito fruit derived nanoparticles inhibited the apple ring rot disease as well as extended the shelf-life of sliced apples

Background: Apple disease, exaggerated by Botryosphaeria dothidea, is a foremost intimidating problem for extending the apple fruit shelf-life and producing substantial economic losses for cultivators and distributors. Alternate sources are urgently needed to prevent or inhibit the ring rot infection of apple fruit instigated by Botryosphaeria dothidea Objective: In this current study, we premeditated to make novel organic nanoparticles as of Pouteria caimito fruit extract and calcium chloride (PCNP), which were used to evaluate the preventive outcome of Botryosphaeria dothidea-caused apple disease on postharvest apple fruits. Results: Our findings corroborated that the fruit derived nanoparticle had been confirmed for quality and size by altered estimations such as fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV–vis spectroscopic analysis, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM and EDX) estimation, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. In addition, we have investigated the excellent inhibitory action of the pathogen infection in apples initiated by Botryosphaeria dothidea. The protective enzymes function was pointedly improved in nanoparticle-treated apple fruits once equated with those of control apple fruits. The catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were pointedly improved in nanoparticle-treated fruits when compared to those of control fruits. The shelf-life extension studies were conducted for 7 days with a fresh-cut apple. The total soluble solid, pH, weight loss, and sensory studies were analyzed, and they proved the extension of sliced apple shelf life up to 7 days. Conclusions: The discoveries of this study provided a well-organized, harmless, and environment-friendly substitute to control the apple disease as well as the durability postponement of sliced apples 7 days or may longer