Mathematical Modeling of Biogrout Process

This project deals with the mathematical formulation of ow during grouting, specifically the Biogrout process in sand. The model takes cue from the contaminant transport model, wherein both the concentration of both the aqueous species(the reactants) and the non-aqueous species (the product that acts as the cementing material) are taken into account. The porosity is variable and thus is the hydraulic conductivity of the medium. The rate of reaction is varying as it is set to depend on the initial concentration of the reactants via a time decaying relation. The governing equations are discretized using Finite Dieffrence. The numerical scheme is implemented in MATLAB and relevant plots are obtained

Fibreoptic intubation under conscious sevoflurane sedation in anticipated difficult intubation cases with unfavorable conventional airway preparation

Airway management in maxillofacial and head and neck cancer patients has remained a challenge even after significant development towards difficult airway management. When such patients have multiple difficult intubation predictors, management becomes more thought-provoking. Mucosal preparation and sedation play a vital role in producing co-operative patient and successful procedure but is not always feasible. On the other hand, intravenous sedation lacks titratability and reversibility. We describe awake fiberoptic intubation in three adult patients having multiple difficult intubation predictors whose airway preparation was not feasible due to obscured surface anatomy and nil mouth opening. The cases were done under titrated conscious sevoflurane sedation of MACage 0.4-0.6 using nasopharyngeal airway and closed circuit. This report highlights that Sevoflurane based conscious sedation is a feasible alternative for awake fiberoptic intubation in patients whose airway anesthesia and blocks are not possible

non invasive ventilation during surgery under neuraxial anaesthesia a pathophysiological perspective on application and benefits and a systematic literature review

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Anaesthetic consideration for neonatal surgical emergencies

A newborn requires constant vigilance, rapid recognition of the events and swift intervention during anaesthesia. The anaesthetic considerations in neonatal surgical emergencies are based on the physiological immaturity of various body systems, poor tolerance of the anaesthetic drugs, associated congenital disorders and considerations regarding the use of high concentration of oxygen. The main goal is for titration of anaesthetics to desired effects, while carefully monitoring of the cardiorespiratory status. The use of regional anaesthesia has shown to be safe and effective. Advancements in neonatology have resulted in the improvement of the survival of the premature and critically ill newborn babies. Most of the disorders previously considered as neonatal surgical emergencies in the past no longer require immediate surgery due to new technology and new methods of treating sick neonates. This article describes the common neonatal surgical emergencies and focuses on factors that affect the anaesthetic management of patients with these disorders

Experimental procedures to investigate fibrillation of proteins

The unwanted phenomenon of protein fibrillation is observed in vivo and during therapeutic protein development in the industry. Protein aggregation is associated with various degenerative disorders and might induce immune-related challenges post-administration of biopharmaceutics. A pipeline for early detection, identification, and removal of pre-formed fibrils is needed to improve the quality, efficacy, and effectiveness of the formulation. Protein fibril formation is accompanied by unfolding, secondary structural changes and the formation of larger aggregates. However, most detection processes come with extensive sample preparation steps and inefficient repeatability, incurring a financial burden on research. The current article summarizes and critically discusses six simple yet powerful methods to detect aggregation phenomena in the line of detecting fibrillar aggregates in heat-induced bovine serum albumin protein. Comparing the native and heat-induced protein samples would provide insights about aggregates. Easy, inexpensive and optimized protocols for detecting the fibrillation of proteins are explained. The procedures mentioned here detected the appearance of β-sheet-rich fibrils in the heat-induced protein sample. The aggregation is characterized by enhanced thioflavin-T fluorescence, alteration in the intrinsic fluorescence, decrease in helicity and subsequent increase in β-sheet and appearance of particles with larger hydrodynamic diameters. • This article summarizes various analytical techniques to easily characterize the fibrillation of proteins. • Various techniques to detect the formation of β-sheet rich structures, changes in the secondary structures and size of aggregates have been discussed. • The stated methodologies are validated on a model protein, albumin

Uticaj parametara kvašenja i parenja na kvalitet mlevenja pirinča (CV. MTU 1075)

The effect of soaking and steaming parameters on the milling characteristics of paddy (Cv. MTU 1075) was studied at different initial moisture contents. Soaking was carried out at different temperatures of 40 to 80°C. Soaking was also carried out at three elevated pressures viz. 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 kg•cm-² absolute pressure at the soak water temperature of 70°C. Steaming was carried out at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg•cm-² absolute pressures. It was observed that the increase in the soak water temperature as well as the pressure of soaking improved the milling quality of paddy with higher head rice yield ratios and reduced white bellies. Soaking at 80°C however reduced the head rice yield when soaked beyond 120 min. During soaking under pressure, there was difference in the head rice yield initially up to about 10 min of soaking, the difference diminished as the soaking time was increased beyond that. The maximum head rice yield was obtained with the processing at steam pressure of 1.5 kg•cm-² for 12.5 to15 min. Only soaking under hydrostatic pressure also improved the yield of rice for all the conditions.Uticaj parametara kvašenja i parenja na kvalitet mlevenja pirinča (Cv. MTU 1075) je proučavan pri različitim inicijalnim sadržajima vlage. Kvašenje je izvođeno pri različitim temperaturama od 40 do 80°C. Tako đe je kvašeno i pri tri apsolutna pritiska od 2.0, 4.0 i 6.0 kg•cm-² pri temperaturi vode za kvašenje od 70°C. Parenje je izvođeno pri apsolutnim pritiscima od 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 i 2.5 kg•cm-². Uočeno je da je povećanje temperature vode za kvašenje kao i pritiska kvašenja pvećalo kvalitet mlevenja pirinča sa većim prinosom i smanjilo gubitke. Parenje na 80°C smanjilo je prinos kada je trajalo više od 120 min. Tokom kvašenja pod pritiskom je postojala razlika u početnom prinosu do oko 10 min kvašenja, a razlika se smanjila kako se vreme kvašenja povećavalo preko toga. Maksimalan prinos bio je postignut obradom sa pritiskom pare od 1.5 kg•cm-² od 12.5 do 15 min. Samo kvašenje pri hidrostatičkom pritisku takođe je povećalo prinos u svim uslovima

Optimum Dispatch of Hybrid Solar Thermal (HSTP) Electric Power Plant Using Non-Smooth Cost Function and Emission Function for IEEE-30 Bus System

The basic objective of economic load dispatch (ELD) is to optimize the total fuel cost of hybrid solar thermal electric power plant (HSTP). In ELD problems the cost function for each generator has been approximated by a single quadratic cost equation. As cost of coal increases, it becomes even more important have a good model for the production cost of each generator for the solar thermal hybrid system. A more accurate formulation is obtained for the ELD problem by expressing the generation cost function as a piece wise quadratic cost function. However, the solution methods for ELD problem with piece wise quadratic cost function requires much complicated algorithms such as the hierarchical structure approach along with evolutionary computations (ECs). A test system comprising of 10 units with 29 different fuel [7] cost equations is considered in this paper. The applied genetic algorithm method will provide optimal solution for the given load demand

Uticaj temperature i pritiska na difuziju vlage u pirinču (Cv. MTU 1075)

Parboiling is an important and energy intensive unit operation in rice processing. Proper management of parboiling can reduce the energy requirement during parboiling and the associated cost. Soaking and steaming are the two major steps in parboiling. Soaking of paddy is usually carried out under atmospheric pressure, which takes more time. The temperature of soak water affects the rate of moisture adsorption and diffusion. The pressure during soaking and steaming also affects the process and consequently, affects the overall economics of parboiling. The hydration characteristic of paddy (Cv. MTU 1075) was studied at different conditions with the basic objective to standardize parameters for these unit operations. Soaking was carried out at four levels of soaking temperature under atmospheric pressure. Similarly hydrostatic soaking at pressure levels of 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 kg·cm-2 was studied at a constant soak water temperature of 70°C. Steaming was carried out at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg·cm-2 pressure levels. The initial moisture content of paddy was varied at three levels. It was observed that the soaking temperature and pressure and steaming pressure affected the rate of moisture absorption by the grain and thus the time requirement. The diffusion coefficient was independent of initial moisture content and showed Arrhenius type relationship with temperature of soaking and steaming. The diffusion coefficient of paddy ranged between 8.939 x 10-5 to 2.678 x 10-4 cm²·min-1 for steaming under pressure, 7.01 x 10-6 to 1.399 x 10-5 cm²·min-1 for hydrostatic pressure soaking at 70°C and 1.898 x 10-6 to 1.11 x 10-5 cm²·min-1 for soaking under atmospheric pressure at different temperature. The diffusion constant was calculated as 0.01345 m²·min-1 and activation energy for moisture diffusion was 35.19 kJ·g-mol-1.Predkuvanje je važan i energetski intenzivan postupak u preradi pirinča. Pravilan postupak može da smanji potrošnju energije i prateće troškove. Natapanje i parenje su dva glavna koraka u ovom postupku. Natapanje pirinča se obično izvodi pod atmosverskim pritiskom, što traži više vremena. Temperatura vode utiče na adsorpciju i difuziju vlage. Pritisak pri natapanju i parenju takođe utiče na process, a time i na ukupne ekonomske efekte. Karakteristike hidriranja pirinča (Cv. MTU 1075) su ispitivane pod različitim uslovima sa osnovnim ciljem da se standardizuju parametri za ove operacije. Natapanje ke izvođeno pri četiri temperature pod atmosverskim pritiskom. Hidrostatičko natapanje je izvođeno pri pritiscima od 2.0, 4.0 i 6.0 kg∙cm-2 na konstantnoj temperature od 70°C. Natapanje je izvođeno pod pritiscima od 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 i 2.5 kg∙cm-2. Inicijalni sadržaj vlage pirinča varirao je na tri nivoa. Uočeno je da temperatura i pritisak natapanja i pritisak parenja utiču na adsorpciju vlage u zrno, a time i na vreme trajanja postupka. Koeficijent difuzije je bio nezavistan od inicijalne vlažnosti i pokazao je Arrhenius odnos sa temperaturom natapanja i parenja. Koeficijent difuzije pirinča varirao je u interval 8.939 x 10-5 do 2.678 x 10-4 cm²∙min-1 za parenje pod pritiskom, 7.01 x 10-6 do 1.399 x 10-5 cm²∙min-1 za hidrostatičko natapanje na 70°C i 1.898 x 10-6 do 1.11 x 10-5 cm²∙min-1 za natapanje pod atmosverskim pritiskom pri različitoj temperature. Izračunata vrednost difuzione konstante je bila 0.01345 m²∙min-1, a aktivaciona energija za difuziju vlage 35.19 kJ∙g-mol-1

Optimum Dispatch of Hybrid Solar Thermal (HSTP) Electric Power Plant Using Non-Smooth Cost Function and Emission Function for IEEE-30 Bus System

The basic objective of economic load dispatch (ELD) is to optimize the total fuel cost of hybrid solar thermal electric power plant (HSTP). In ELD problems the cost function for each generator has been approximated by a single quadratic cost equation. As cost of coal increases, it becomes even more important have a good model for the production cost of each generator for the solar thermal hybrid system. A more accurate formulation is obtained for the ELD problem by expressing the generation cost function as a piece wise quadratic cost function. However, the solution methods for ELD problem with piece wise quadratic cost function requires much complicated algorithms such as the hierarchical structure approach along with evolutionary computations (ECs). A test system comprising of 10 units with 29 different fuel [7] cost equations is considered in this paper. The applied genetic algorithm method will provide optimal solution for the given load demand

CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF ABUTILON INDICUM L. AND PAEDERIA FOETIDA L

ABSTRAC