Data_Sheet_1_Enhancing the Anticancer Activity of Antrodia cinnamomea in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Cocultivation With Ginger: The Impact on Cancer Cell Survival Pathways.PDF

<p>Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a medicinal fungal species that has been widely used traditionally in Taiwan for the treatment of diverse health-related conditions including cancer. It possesses potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in addition to its ability to promote cancer cell death in several human tumors. Our aim was to improve the anticancer activity of AC in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through its cocultivation with ginger aiming at tuning the active ingredients. HCC cell lines, Huh-7 and HepG2 were used to study the in vitro anticancer activity of the ethanolic extracts of AC (EAC) alone or after the cocultivation in presence of ginger (EACG). The results indicated that the cocultivation of AC with ginger significantly induced the production of important triterpenoids and EACG was significantly more potent than EAC in targeting HCC cell lines. EACG effectively inhibited cancer cells growth via the induction of cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induction of apoptosis in Huh-7 and HepG2 cells as indicated by MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, Annexin V assay, and the activation of caspase-3. In addition, EACG modulated cyclin proteins expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in favor of the inhibition of cancer cell survival. Taken together, the current study highlights an evidence that EACG is superior to EAC in targeting cancer cell survival and inducing apoptotic cell death in HCC. These findings support that EACG formula can serve as a potential candidate for HCC adjuvant therapy.</p

Reversine suppressed colony formation in human NSCLC cells.

<p>Cells were exposed to reversine or not, and the colony formation of these cells was determined by crystal violet staining.</p

Autophagy induced by reversine in human NSCLC cells.

<p>Cells were treated with reversine for 72 h, and following the formation of autophagosome were observed by florescence-microscopy using methods as described in materials and methods. (A) A549 cells; (B) H1299 cells. (C) In order to clarify that reversine induces autophagosome formation, an inducer (rapamycin) and an inhibitor (3-MA) of autophagy were selected and tested. The cells were treated with reversine, rapamycin and 3-MA, respectively. Following the expression of LC-3 was determined. β-actin was used as a loading control. (D) The cells were treated with reversine, rapamycin, 3-MA and reversine/3-MA, respectively. At selected time point, the cell viability was determined by MTT assay.</p

Reversine induced multinuclear cell formation in human NSCLC cells.

<p>(A) Cells were incubated with reversine for 72 h, and the cellular morphology was determined under microscopy. (B) The cellular nuclear was stained and determined under fluorescence microscopy. The multinuclear cells are indicated by an arrow. (C, D) The DNA content of the cells was determined by flow cytometry with propidium iodide labeling. The percentage of 2N, 4N and 8N distributions in reversine-treated cells was measured with WMDI 2.9 software. Two independent experiments were confirmed and one of them was shown. DMSO was used as a negative control.</p

Strategic Design of Three-Dimensional (3D) Urchin-Like Pt–Ni Nanoalloys: How This Unique Nanostructure Boosts the Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells Efficiency to 8.48%

In this study, a simple and systematic shape-controlled synthetic protocol for tailoring nanoscale structures to generate large and monodispersed of three-dimensional (3D) urchin-like Pt–Ni multipods (MPs) and spherical nanoparticles (NPs) is reported, for which the mechanism of production is elaborated in detail. We then demonstrate, for the first time, that the 3D urchin-like Pt–Ni MPs possess good solution processability and substantially enhance both short-circuit current density (<i>J</i>_sc) and fill factor (FF) and consequently increase the overall power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), because of the combination of multiple scattering processes of incident light, improved conductivity, and facilitating the charge transport in the active layer. PSC fabricated using 5% Pt–Ni MPs embedded in a blend of poly­{[4,8-bis­(2-ethyl-hexyl-thiophene-5-yl)-benzo­[1,2-b:4,5-b′]­dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-<i>alt</i>-[2-(2′-ethyl-hexanoyl)-thieno­[3,4-<i>b</i>]­thiophen-4,6-diyl]} (PBDTTT-C-T) and [6,6]-phenyl-C₇₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₁BM) leads to compelling device PCEs of 8.48%, in comparison to 7.38% of the reference device (PBDTTT-C-T:PC₇₁BM, fabricated and tested under the same conditions). This study thus demonstrates a novel approach to enhance the photovoltaic performance, in combination with 3D urchin-like nanoalloys

Table S3_cox regression (survival analysis)_Exp 1

Table S3: Data for Cox survival analysis for experimental pine seedlings in hummocks (circular and bands) versus adjacent lawns during 2010-2013. ST: Seedlings from seeds inserted on top of moss; SB: Seedlings from seeds inserted below moss; Small seedling (1 month old, 10 cm tall at plantation time); Large seedling (2 months old, 30 cm tall at plantation time)

Table S4_ regression seedling-environment 2011_Exp 1

Table S4: Data for generalized linear models assessing the responses of experimental pine seedlings in hummocks (circular and bands) and adjacent lawns for Experiment 1 in 2011. Small seedling (1 month old, 10 cm tall at plantation time); Large seedling (2 months old, 30 cm tall at plantation time). Condition = % healthy seedlings. Growth = stem growth

Table 3_regression seedling-environment_Exp 1

Table 3 data for generalized linear models assessing the responses of experimental pine seedlings in hummocks (circular and bands) and adjacent lawns for Experiment 1 during the whole experimental period (2010-2013). ST: Seedlings from seeds inserted on top of moss; SB: Seedlings from seeds inserted below moss; Small seedling (1 month old at plantation time); Large seedling (2 months old at plantation time). Condition = % healthy seedlings. Growth = stem growth