Methodology for Evaluating Statistical Equivalence in Face Recognition Using Live Subjects with Dissimilar Skin Tones

The general purpose of this study is to propose a methodology that can be employed in the application of facial recognition systems (FRS) to determine if a statistically significant difference exists in a facial recognition system’s ability to match two dissimilar skin tone populations to their enrolled images. A particular objective is to test the face recognition system’s ability to recognize dark or light skin tone subjects. In addition to the direct comparison of results from two different populations, this study uses a Box Behnken Design to examine four factors commonly effecting facial recognition systems. Four factors were tested, the horizontal angle of the camera viewing the subject, both horizontally to the left and right; the vertical angle, both above and below the subject’s line of sight, ;the distance the subjects are from the camera, and the intensity of the illumination on the subject. Experimentation was approached from the assumption that subjects are cooperative, following guidelines for proper enrollment and submission for matching. The experimentation of the four factors was conducted using two sets of three subjects. One set was dark skin tone males, and the second set was light skin tone males. The results of the study showed a significance statistical difference at p = 0.05 level between the two skin tones, with greater difficulty identifying the light skin tone test subjects than those with dark skin tone

Collaboration between Private Sector and Academia: AreWe Compromising Our Engineering Programs?

A central theme in the past ASEE Main Plenary in San Antonio, Texas, was the need to prepare our students for an “effective industrial practice.” Most panelists stressed the fact that “nowadays companies do not want to spend too much in training.” The direct implication at the end of the plenary was that academia was somehow “obligated” to supply engineers with the “right skills” for these companies. With the increased pressure in cost saving, according to the panelists in the plenary, the private sector has suggested that academia has to build a curriculum “ad-hoc” so they can hire “good engineers” for their companies. However by modifying our curriculum drastically to suit the needs of private sector groups, we might be jeopardizing the long-term gains of our professionals and/or universities in pursuit of possible short-term gains for the companies. Where do we draw the line between the private sector needs and the academic mission? How do we maintain academic integrity in our curriculum without designing programs to satisfy the needs of a group that might not even represent properly the future needs of the country or our students? Is academic freedom and university autonomy in danger of being subordinated to corporate demands? This paper explores some ethical issues many universities might be facing when balancing the traditional mission of the university and the needs of productive sectors of society under new economic pressures. Our students might strongly support an “ad-hoc” type of curriculum because they might perceive an immediate advantage in getting a job as soon as they graduate. However, they might be losing professional value and career flexibility in the long term, which immediately raises ethical questions that must be addressed. Do we have to keep preparing them with our traditional curriculum or do we have to prepare them for a specific group of companies? Is it possible to do both in a four-year period that is already stressed with too many demands? What does it mean “to be prepared for a job”? Is the mission of the university to be a substitute place for “ad-hoc” training? Is the university a place aimed to save money for the private sector by eliminating training from their costs? This paper proposes solutions like certificate/training-in-partnership with community colleges, in situ certificates, and internships. These proposed solutions might provide a balance for reasonable ethical compromises

Collaboration between Private Sector and Academia: AreWe Compromising Our Engineering Programs?

A central theme in the past ASEE Main Plenary in San Antonio, Texas, was the need to prepare our students for an “effective industrial practice.” Most panelists stressed the fact that “nowadays companies do not want to spend too much in training.” The direct implication at the end of the plenary was that academia was somehow “obligated” to supply engineers with the “right skills” for these companies. With the increased pressure in cost saving, according to the panelists in the plenary, the private sector has suggested that academia has to build a curriculum “ad-hoc” so they can hire “good engineers” for their companies. However by modifying our curriculum drastically to suit the needs of private sector groups, we might be jeopardizing the long-term gains of our professionals and/or universities in pursuit of possible short-term gains for the companies. Where do we draw the line between the private sector needs and the academic mission? How do we maintain academic integrity in our curriculum without designing programs to satisfy the needs of a group that might not even represent properly the future needs of the country or our students? Is academic freedom and university autonomy in danger of being subordinated to corporate demands? This paper explores some ethical issues many universities might be facing when balancing the traditional mission of the university and the needs of productive sectors of society under new economic pressures. Our students might strongly support an “ad-hoc” type of curriculum because they might perceive an immediate advantage in getting a job as soon as they graduate. However, they might be losing professional value and career flexibility in the long term, which immediately raises ethical questions that must be addressed. Do we have to keep preparing them with our traditional curriculum or do we have to prepare them for a specific group of companies? Is it possible to do both in a four-year period that is already stressed with too many demands? What does it mean “to be prepared for a job”? Is the mission of the university to be a substitute place for “ad-hoc” training? Is the university a place aimed to save money for the private sector by eliminating training from their costs? This paper proposes solutions like certificate/training-in-partnership with community colleges, in situ certificates, and internships. These proposed solutions might provide a balance for reasonable ethical compromises

Methodology for Evaluating Statistical Equivalence in Face Recognition Using Live Subjects with Dissimilar Skin Tones

The general purpose of this study is to propose a methodology that can be employed in the application of facial recognition systems (FRS) to determine if a statistically significant difference exists in a facial recognition system’s ability to match two dissimilar skin tone populations to their enrolled images. A particular objective is to test the face recognition system’s ability to recognize dark or light skin tone subjects. In addition to the direct comparison of results from two different populations, this study uses a Box Behnken Design to examine four factors commonly effecting facial recognition systems. Four factors were tested, the horizontal angle of the camera viewing the subject, both horizontally to the left and right; the vertical angle, both above and below the subject’s line of sight, ;the distance the subjects are from the camera, and the intensity of the illumination on the subject. Experimentation was approached from the assumption that subjects are cooperative, following guidelines for proper enrollment and submission for matching. The experimentation of the four factors was conducted using two sets of three subjects. One set was dark skin tone males, and the second set was light skin tone males. The results of the study showed a significance statistical difference at p = 0.05 level between the two skin tones, with greater difficulty identifying the light skin tone test subjects than those with dark skin tone

Wind Power Technologies: A Need for Research and Development in Improving VAWT’s Airfoil Characteristics

Straight bladed fixed pitched vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) offer several potential advantages over the standard horizontal axis wind turbines which are now in common use worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the need for further research and develop on improved airfoil or blade characteristics for use on straight bladed fixed pitched VAWT. This need was demonstrated by the design and construction of an airfoil that was physically modeled and field tested. The test showed that asymmetric airfoils would enable SBVAWTs to self start

Wind Power Technologies: A Need for Research and Development in Improving VAWT’s Airfoil Characteristics

Straight bladed fixed pitched vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) offer several potential advantages over the standard horizontal axis wind turbines which are now in common use worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the need for further research and develop on improved airfoil or blade characteristics for use on straight bladed fixed pitched VAWT. This need was demonstrated by the design and construction of an airfoil that was physically modeled and field tested. The test showed that asymmetric airfoils would enable SBVAWTs to self start

Characterization of Internet Traffic and User Classification: Foundations for the Next Generation of Network Emulation

Rigorous experimentation is emerging as the preferred method for validating the benefits of protocols, especially those affecting quality of service. The emulation of traffic generators provides a compact and efficient method for testing protocols and techniques in a realistic context. Models of user behavior serve as the basis for the trafgen traffic emulator and are subject to refinement as our knowledge expands. The project in this study uses a layered approach to study different Internet applications and protocols including the hypertext transfer protocol, http

Análisis comparativo de la cobertura mediática que brinda El Diario de Hoy, La Prensa Gráfica y Diario Co Latino a los distintos grupos parlamentarios representados en la Asamblea Legislativa y el diputado no partidario durante los meses de septiembre y octubre del año 2019

La investigación evidencia la desigualdad de la cobertura que los medios El Diario de Hoy, La Prensa Gráfica y Diario Co Latino brindan a los diferentes grupos parlamentarios y el diputado no partidario representados en la Asamblea Legislativa, basándonos en la comparación de diferentes categorías de análisis entre las cuales están los temas de agenda, fuentes de información, fotografías, recursos tipográficos, espacios otorgados, igualdad y equidad de género. La investigación fue realizada a partir de un análisis cuantitativo en los meses de septiembre y octubre del año 2019

Collaboration between Private Sector and Academia: AreWe Compromising Our Engineering Programs?

A central theme in the past ASEE Main Plenary in San Antonio, Texas, was the need to prepare our students for an “effective industrial practice.” Most panelists stressed the fact that “nowadays companies do not want to spend too much in training.” The direct implication at the end of the plenary was that academia was somehow “obligated” to supply engineers with the “right skills” for these companies. With the increased pressure in cost saving, according to the panelists in the plenary, the private sector has suggested that academia has to build a curriculum “ad-hoc” so they can hire “good engineers” for their companies. However by modifying our curriculum drastically to suit the needs of private sector groups, we might be jeopardizing the long-term gains of our professionals and/or universities in pursuit of possible short-term gains for the companies. Where do we draw the line between the private sector needs and the academic mission? How do we maintain academic integrity in our curriculum without designing programs to satisfy the needs of a group that might not even represent properly the future needs of the country or our students? Is academic freedom and university autonomy in danger of being subordinated to corporate demands? This paper explores some ethical issues many universities might be facing when balancing the traditional mission of the university and the needs of productive sectors of society under new economic pressures. Our students might strongly support an “ad-hoc” type of curriculum because they might perceive an immediate advantage in getting a job as soon as they graduate. However, they might be losing professional value and career flexibility in the long term, which immediately raises ethical questions that must be addressed. Do we have to keep preparing them with our traditional curriculum or do we have to prepare them for a specific group of companies? Is it possible to do both in a four-year period that is already stressed with too many demands? What does it mean “to be prepared for a job”? Is the mission of the university to be a substitute place for “ad-hoc” training? Is the university a place aimed to save money for the private sector by eliminating training from their costs? This paper proposes solutions like certificate/training-in-partnership with community colleges, in situ certificates, and internships. These proposed solutions might provide a balance for reasonable ethical compromises