Finding a Fair Land Dispute Settlement Mechanism Between Adat Law Community Vs. Investor

Land utilization for investment in local areas raises various land related problems that ends with conflicts within the community. A conflict that occurs, usually begins with the management of communal land “tanah ulayat” within the adat law community environment, and in this case, land utilization that is managed by the third party (investors). The basic problem is the difference of perception and expectations toward the company that exists in the land which is claimed by the community. Both parties have their own claim on the land based on each legal systems, in this situation adat law or local law faced with state law which is used by investors. So far, the Indonesian government has yet to have legal grounds in giving a directions for land dispute/conflict settlement mechanism. This paper attempts to give an input regarding a land dispute settlement mechanism that can be accepted for all disputing parties. The paper features critical analysis using legal pluralism approach towards related government policies and technical regulations in the ministerial level. These regulations, among others are, Minister of Agrarian Regulation No. 5 of 1999 on the Guidance for Dispute Settlement of Communal Land Rights, and Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Affairs Regulation No. 9 of 2015 on Procedures of Appointment of Communal Land Rights for Adat Law Community and Communities Located in certain regions, also the draft of Law regarding Recognition and Protection of Adat Law Community

Comparisons of baseline, cystometric and bladder dairy parameters for women underwent urodynamic studies (n = 900).

†<p>ANOVA with Bonferroni correction: all cystometric and bladder diary parameters - OAB vs. SUI, <i>P</i><0.001; OAB +SUI vs. SUI, <i>P</i><0.001; the other diagnosis/indications subgroup pairs are not uniformly significant.</p><p>Values are given as mean ± standard deviation. DVVmax = maximum daytime voided volume excluding the morning void; DVVmaxavg = the average of day 1 to day 3 DVVmax; FD = the volume at first desire to void; ND = the volume at normal desire to void; OAB = overactive bladder syndrome; SUI = stress urinary incontinence; VD = voiding dysfunction; VSD = the volume at strong desire to void; VVmax = maximum voided volume; VVmaxavg = the average of day 1 to day 3 VVmax.</p

Regression fit scatter plot of the change from baseline in VVmaxavg vs. the change from baseline in urgency.

<p>Regression fit scatter plot of the change from baseline in VVmaxavg vs. the change from baseline in urgency.</p

Baseline clinical, urodynamic, and bladder diary variables and correlations between the volume at strong desire to void (VSD) and bladder diary variables in 900 women with lower urinary tract symptoms.

†<p>Each cystometric and bladder dairy parameters are compared with Spearman rank-correlation coefficient, and all <i>P</i><0.001.</p><p>Values are given as mean ± standard deviation or correlation coefficient.</p><p>Abbreviations same as <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069946#pone-0069946-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Regression fit scatter plot of the average of day 1 to day 3 daytime maximum voided volumes excluding the first morning void (DVVmaxavg) vs. the volume at strong desire to void (VSD).

<p>Regression fit scatter plot of the average of day 1 to day 3 daytime maximum voided volumes excluding the first morning void (DVVmaxavg) vs. the volume at strong desire to void (VSD).</p

Regression fit scatter plot of the change from baseline in DVVmaxavg vs. the change from baseline in VSD.

<p>Regression fit scatter plot of the change from baseline in DVVmaxavg vs. the change from baseline in VSD.</p

Regression fit scatter plot of day 1 maximum voided volume (VVmax) vs. the volume at urgency.

<p>Regression fit scatter plot of day 1 maximum voided volume (VVmax) vs. the volume at urgency.</p

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for diagnosing bladder oversensitivity for day 1 daytime maximum voided volume excluding the first morning void.

<p>Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for diagnosing bladder oversensitivity for day 1 daytime maximum voided volume excluding the first morning void.</p

Baseline and follow-up data from urodynamic studies and bladder diaries and the correlations between the changes in VSD, urgency and the bladder diary parameters in 158 women.

†<p>Wilcoxon signed-rank test.</p>‡<p>The changes of voided volumes of bladder diaries were compared with the changes of the volume at strong desire to void or urgency by Spearman rank-correlation coefficient.</p><p>Abbreviations same as <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069946#pone-0069946-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p