A Power Efficient Routing algorithm based on betweenness

[[abstract]]In recent years, routing and efficient energy are important topics in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). According to the resources of MANET are limited, such that, advance routing strategies have to be considered the issues of resources consumption and transmission effect. Complex network has non-trivial topological features. A network can be measured by multiple properties and be presented network behavior, such as betweenness. We propose a new routing algorithm with betweenness analysis. The results show that our algorithm is used to increase network lifetime.[[conferencetype]]國際[[conferencedate]]20100521~20100524[[iscallforpapers]]Y[[conferencelocation]]Wuhan, Chin

Pig as a Favorable Animal for Taenia Saginata Asiatica Infection

The epidemiology of Taenia saginata in some parts of Asia is confusing, in that beef does not appear to be the source of infection. In some areas, beef is either not available or not eaten raw, whereas pork at times is eaten uncooked. In light of this situation, we have exposed pigs and other animals to infection with strains of T. saginata to establish their ability to serve as intermediate hosts. Eggs of Taiwan Taenia, Korea Taenia, Indonesia Taenia, Thailand Taenia, Philippines Taenia, Ethiopia Taenia, and Madagascar Taenia were fed to 83 pigs of three strains: 43 Small-Ear Miniature (SEM), 34 Landrace Small-Ear Miniature (L-SEM), and 6 Duroc-Yorkshire-Landrace (DYL). We also fed the eggs to 10 Holstein calves, 17 Sannean goats, and 4 monkeys (Macaca cyclopis). We succeeded in infecting SEM (infection rate 88%, cysticercus recovery rate 19.1%), L-SEM (83%, 1.1%), and DYL (100%, 0.3%) pigs with Taiwan Taenia; SEM (100%, 1.7%), L-SEM (100%, 5.6%), and DYL (100%, 0.06%) pigs with Korea Taenia; SEM (100%, 22%) and L-SEM (100%, 1.6%) pigs with Indonesia Taenia; SEM (75%, 0.06%) pigs with Thailand Taenia SEM (100%, 11%) pigs with Philippines Taenia; SEM (80%, 0.005%) pigs with Ethiopia Taenia; SEM (100%, 0.2%) pigs with Madagascar Taenia. Holstein calves became infected with Taenia from Taiwan (100%, 1.1%), Korea (100%, 0.03%), Thailand (100%, 0.2%), and the Philippines (100%, 6%); however, the cysticerci of Taenia from Korea, Thailand, and the Philippines were degenerated and/or calcified. Sannean goats became infected with Taenia from Taiwan (33%, 0.01%) and Korea (50%, 0.02%), while monkeys became infected with Taenia from Taiwan (50%, 0.01%). However, the cysticerci were degenerated and/or calcified. Therefore, these strains of pig seem to be favorable animal models for experimental studies of T. saginata-like tapeworms, with the SEM pig the most favorable

Impact of the Casimir-Polder Potential and Johnson Noise on Bose-Einstein Condensate Stability near Surfaces

We investigate the stability of magnetically trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensates and thermal clouds near the transition temperature at small distances 0.5 microns < d < 10 microns from a microfabricated silicon chip. For a 2 microns thick copper film the trap lifetime is limited by Johnson-noise induced currents and falls below 1 s at a distance of 4 microns. A dielectric surface does not adversely affect the sample until the attractive Casimir-Polder potential significantly reduces the trap depth.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, and submitted to Physical Review Letter

Power Radiation and Dissipation in the Conducting Medium Around a Small loop Antenna

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the nature of the electromagnetic wave transmitted from a loop antenna enclosed by a spherical insulating cavity which is immersed in a conducting medium. The nature of the electromagnetic wave in a conducting medium generated by a loop antenna has been studied. Based on the formulas derived, a low frequency wave suffers less attenuation than a high frequency wave. This effect is very noticeable when the conductivity of the medium is high, such as with sea water. AT low frequencies the power radiation is small compared with the power supplied to the loop antenna. The selection of frequency and power of a transmitter depends upon the conductivity of the medium, the size of the loop antenna, and the size of the insulating cavity. However, high frequencies are inefficient, because at these frequencies most of the power is dissipated as heat in the vicinity of the antenna. Furthermore, the frequency cannot be too low because of a great amount of power required. In addition, size of a low frequency transmitter is generally larger than a high frequency transmitter. In some practical applications size is very important and consequently larger transmitters cannot be used