Power spectra of the interplanetary magnetic field near the earth

Power spectra of the interplanetary magnetic field measured by near-earth satellites upstream from the earth's bow shock are free from terrestrial contamination provided the field at the satellite does not intersect the bow shock. Considerable spectral enhancement for the range of frequencies 0.01 to 1.00 Hz, due to turbulence caused by the shock, may occur if the field observed at the satellite intersects the shock. This turbulence occurs frequently in both the morning and afternoon quadrants. In the frequency band from 0.07 to 1 Hz, this noise decreases in amplitude with radial distance from the shock with an attenuation length of 4 R sub E

Precision searches in dijets at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC

This paper explores the physics reach of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) for searches of new particles decaying to two jets. We discuss inclusive searches in dijets and b-jets, as well as searches in semi-inclusive events by requiring an additional lepton that increases sensitivity to different aspects of the underlying processes. We discuss the expected exclusion limits for generic models predicting new massive particles that result in resonant structures in the dijet mass. Prospects of the Higher-Energy LHC (HE-LHC) collider are also discussed. The study is based on the Pythia8 Monte Carlo generator using representative event statistics for the HL-LHC and HE-LHC running conditions. The event samples were created using supercomputers at NERSC.Comment: 27 pages, 19 figure

News at the Crossroads

In this circular, created by the Agriculture Extension Service by South Dakota State College, the information provided focuses on the idea that farms do not receive enough recognition within the pages of a newspaper. This information is provided through the guidance of the Agriculture Department during the year of 1929

Joint Attention and Word Learning in Ngas-Speaking Toddlers in Nigeria

This study examines infants’ joint attention behavior and language development in a rural village in Nigeria. Participants included eight younger (1;0 to 1;5, M age=1;2) and eight older toddlers (1;7 to 2;7, M age=2; 1). Joint attention behaviors in social interaction contexts were recorded and coded at two time points six months apart. Analyses revealed that these toddlers were producing more high-level joint attention behaviors than less complex behaviors. In addition, the quality and quantity of behaviors produced by these Nigerian children was similar to those found in other cultures. In analyses of children’s noun and verb comprehension and production (in relation to the number of nouns or verbs on a parental checklist), parents reported proportionally more verbs than nouns, perhaps because Ngas has some linguistic characteristics that are similar to languages in which a noun bias is not seen (e.g. Mandarin Chinese). An examination of the interrelations of joint attention and language development revealed that joint attention behaviors were related to both noun and verb development at different times. The set of results is important for understanding the emergence of joint attention in traditional cultures, the comprehension and production of nouns and verbs given the specific linguistic properties of a language and the importance that early social contexts may have for language development

INTER-TRIAL VARIABILITY IN KINEMATIC DESCRIPTORS OF GAIT

The purpose of this study was to determine the inter-trial variability of kinematic descriptors of human gait. A case study subject with spastic hemiplegic gait following traumatic event was analyzed for kinematic differences pertreatment, 1-week post-treatment and 4-weeks post-treatment. The treatment protocol included a focal dennervation of the spastic gastrocnemius muscle on the affected side of the body. Data was collected via three 60 Hz S-VHS camcorders set at a shutter speed of 11100 second. Each camera was placed at approximately a 30 degree angle with respect to the optical axis of the other two cameras. Ten trials of walking gait at a self-selected pace were recorded for both the affected and unaffected sides for two complete strides. Kinetic data was recorded during a single stance phase simultaneous with the kinematic data. The three views were synchronized using a single pulse from a standard flash unit. The three planer views were transformed to three-dimensional coordinates using a Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) as part of the Ariel Performance Analysis System (APAS). Each joint center location as smoothed individually by selecting the proper cutoff frequency of a double-pass recursive Butterworth filter via an inspection of the joint center's power spectrum. Joint angular displacements of the ankle, knee and hip were compared across the ten trials for each leg individually using a univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). The pre-treatment and two post-treatment conditions were analyzed separately. Non-significant inter-trial differences were found for each variable and each leg across the data collection periods. Given the proliferation and gait analysis as a clinical tool, as well as a research device for exercise and sport, demonstration of the efficacy and reliability of this analysis is essential

Nine Things Genomics Can Tell Us About Candida auris

FUNDING RF was supported by MRC grant MR/N006364/2 and a Wellcome Trust Seed Award (215239/Z/19/Z). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to give thanks to Carolina Coelho for helpful discussions and assistance with Figure 1 and Jose Muñoz for valuable feedback on the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Orbital Magnetism and Current Distribution of Two-Dimensional Electrons under Confining Potential

The spatial distribution of electric current under magnetic field and the resultant orbital magnetism have been studied for two-dimensional electrons under a harmonic confining potential V(\vecvar{r})=m \omega_0^2 r^2/2 in various regimes of temperature and magnetic field, and the microscopic conditions for the validity of Landau diamagnetism are clarified. Under a weak magnetic field (\omega_c\lsim\omega_0, \omega_c being a cyclotron frequency) and at low temperature (T\lsim\hbar\omega_0), where the orbital magnetic moment fluctuates as a function of the field, the currents are irregularly distributed paramagnetically or diamagnetically inside the bulk region. As the temperature is raised under such a weak field, however, the currents in the bulk region are immediately reduced and finally there only remains the diamagnetic current flowing along the edge. At the same time, the usual Landau diamagnetism results for the total magnetic moment. The origin of this dramatic temperature dependence is seen to be in the multiple reflection of electron waves by the boundary confining potential, which becomes important once the coherence length of electrons gets longer than the system length. Under a stronger field (\omega_c\gsim\omega_0), on the other hand, the currents in the bulk region cause de Haas-van Alphen effect at low temperature as T\lsim\hbar\omega_c. As the temperature gets higher (T\gsim\hbar\omega_c) under such a strong field, the bulk currents are reduced and the Landau diamagnetism by the edge current is recovered.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figure