5,479 research outputs found
Oral History Interview: Samuel B. Chilton
Samuel B. Chilton, a member of the prominent Charleston family who owned the Charleston Gazette, has spent a lifetime in the center of West Virginia\u27s capitol. A knowledgeable person, his interview is lively and spicy, full of some rather risque anecdotes. Mr. Chilton and his interviewers discuss the development of St. Albans and Charleston, the West Virginia state government, the Roosevelts and the Rockefellers in West Virginia, sports, horse and dog racing, and prostitution. More personally, Mr. Chilton also discusses his childhood, family and friends.https://mds.marshall.edu/oral_history/1139/thumbnail.jp
Challenges and Opportunities for the Design of Smart Speakers
Advances in voice technology and voice user interfaces (VUIs) -- such as
Alexa, Siri, and Google Home -- have opened up the potential for many new types
of interaction. However, despite the potential of these devices reflected by
the growing market and body of VUI research, there is a lingering sense that
the technology is still underused. In this paper, we conducted a systematic
literature review of 35 papers to identify and synthesize 127 VUI design
guidelines into five themes. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured
interviews with 15 smart speaker users to understand their use and non-use of
the technology. From the interviews, we distill four design challenges that
contribute the most to non-use. Based on their (non-)use, we identify four
opportunity spaces for designers to explore such as focusing on information
support while multitasking (cooking, driving, childcare, etc), incorporating
users' mental models for smart speakers, and integrating calm design
principles.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure
PopNet: a Pop Culture Knowledge Association Network for Supporting Creative Connections
Pop culture is a pervasive and important aspect of communication and
self-expression. When people wish to communicate using pop culture references,
they need to find connections between their message and the things, people,
location and actions of a movie, tv series, or other pop culture domain.
However, finding an appropriate match from memory is challenging and search
engines are not specific enough to the task. Often domain-specific knowledge
graphs provide the structure, specificity and search capabilities that people
need. We introduce PopNet - a Pop Culture Knowledge Association Network
automatically created from plain text using state-of-the art NLP methods to
extract entities and actions from text summaries of movies and tv shows. The
interface allows people to browse and search the entries to find connections.
We conduct a study showing that this system is accurate and helpful for finding
multiple connections between a message and a pop culture domain
Design Guidelines for Prompt Engineering Text-to-Image Generative Models
Text-to-image generative models are a new and powerful way to generate visual
artwork. However, the open-ended nature of text as interaction is double-edged;
while users can input anything and have access to an infinite range of
generations, they also must engage in brute-force trial and error with the text
prompt when the result quality is poor. We conduct a study exploring what
prompt keywords and model hyperparameters can help produce coherent outputs. In
particular, we study prompts structured to include subject and style keywords
and investigate success and failure modes of these prompts. Our evaluation of
5493 generations over the course of five experiments spans 51 abstract and
concrete subjects as well as 51 abstract and figurative styles. From this
evaluation, we present design guidelines that can help people produce better
outcomes from text-to-image generative models
Nondisclosure as a Contract Remedy: Explaining the Advance-notice Puzzle
Prior theoretical work predicts an underprovision of advance-notice contracts stemming from their enforcement costs. In the present model, it is rather the fundamental inability of workers to alienate their right to quit taken in conjunction with parameters central to job separation decisions that jointly determine the mix of notice and no-notice contracts observed in equilibrium. Not all equilibrium contracts are efficient, but there is no underprovision of notice. Mandating notice cannot improve on joint value and indeed may reduce it. Furthermore, although a mandate can be merely redistributive, there are cases in which it harms all parties
Self-enforcing Union Contracts: Efficient Investment and Employment
Baldwin (1983) asks whether a firm can credibly deter union opportunism that would lead to underinvestment. We show that the punishments Baldwin considers credible exclude tougher threats that only have the appearance of being self-destructive. If the firm\u27s discount factor is sufficiently close to one, union opportunism can indeed be deterred. Moreover, we show that given the firm\u27s discount factor, a shorter lifetime of capital does not necessarily promote efficiency. Although, as Baldwin emphasizes, it does enhance the firm\u27s ability to punish union opportunism, it also creates adverse incentives for the firm to engage in opportunistic employment cuts
Eliciting Topic Hierarchies from Large Language Models
Finding topics to write about can be a mentally demanding process. However,
topic hierarchies can help writers explore topics of varying levels of
specificity. In this paper, we use large language models (LLMs) to help
construct topic hierarchies. Although LLMs have access to such knowledge, it
can be difficult to elicit due to issues of specificity, scope, and repetition.
We designed and tested three different prompting techniques to find one that
maximized accuracy. We found that prepending the general topic area to a prompt
yielded the most accurate results with 85% accuracy. We discuss applications of
this research including STEM writing, education, and content creation.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Space capsule Patent
Manned space capsule configuration for orbital flight and atmospheric reentr
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