Adult Genes Evaluation of Ethiopian Durum Accessions for Resistance to Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici)

The horizontal resistance is effective against broad range of pathogen races and even reduces the costs of fungicides for controlling.The objective of present study is based on the   field assesment of adult resistance genes in Ethiopia durum wheat accessions for resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici). The 142 durum wheat accessions were obtained from the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute and screening for stem rust in Debrezeit agricultural research experimental fields using alpha lattice design. The bulk of races (TTKSK (Ug99), TTTTF, TTRTF, JRCQC, TKTTF) inoculated during stem elongation stage. The disease assessment started the first symptom of seen in infector rows. In the field, durum accessions were examined utilizing for slow rust parameters. Accordingly, to that the 23 accessions  were identified having low value of terminal rust resistance, low average coefficient of infection and low area under disease progress curve. The grain yield is negative and highly siginificant associated with slow rusting parameters. These accessions considered as having adult resistance genes with high partial resistance genes  and important for further resistance breeding. Keywords:Accessions, Area under disease progress curve, Average cofficient of infection, Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici,  Terminal rust resistance DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/12-17-02 Publication date:September 30th 202

Spectral Variability and iron line emission in the ASCA Observations of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC4051

We present the results of an extensive analysis of the ``ASCA'' AO2 observation of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC4051. The target exhibits broadband [0.5--10 keV] variability by a factor $\sim 8$ on time scales $\sim 10^4 s$, with a typical doubling time $\sim 500 s$. The spectrum is characterized by a strong emission excess over the extrapolated power law at energies $E \le 1 keV$. Absorption edges due to ionized oxygen species OVII and OVIII are detected together with an emission-like feature at $E \sim 0.93 keV$. The OVII edge undergoes significant variability on a timescale as low as $\sim 10^4 s$, whilst no contemporary variability of the OVIII feature is detected. Typical variability time scales place constraints on the location and the density of the absorbing matter. In the self-consistent hypothesis of a high energy ($E \ge 2.3 keV$) power law reflected by an infinite plane-parallel cold slab, a photon index change ($\Delta \Gamma = 0.4$) has also been observed; a natural explanation can be found in the framework of non-thermal Comptonization models. The iron line is redshifted (centroid energy $E \sim 6.1 keV$) and broad ($\sigma > 0.2 keV$); multicomponent structure is suggestive of emission from a relativistic accretion disk; however if the disk is not ionized a contribution by a molecular torus or an iron overabundance by a factor $\sim 1.5$ are required.Comment: 17 pages, latex, 12 figures. To be published in Publication of Astronomical Society of Japa

Hybrid-lens for Terahertz Subwavelength Focusing beyond the Diffraction Limit

The relatively low energy of the terahertz light (THz, 1 THz = 4.14 meV) promises the non-invasive optical imaging of the biomedical objects. However, the THz light inherently suffers the optical diffraction limit and the subwavelength microstructures cannot be resolved. We propose the planar hybrid-lens comprising the multiple slits and the two-dimensional rod array for the subwavelength focusing of the THz light beyond the diffraction limit. The hybrid-lens is investigated by the finite difference time domain simulation (FDTD). The spectra of the rod array obtained by FDTD are compared with the spectra calculated by the analytical model. The subwavelength focal spot about 20 µm (λ/7.5) at the frequency 2 THz is demonstrated by FDTD. The array of the subwavelength focal spots on the opposite side of the multiple slits are generated by the interferences of the Floquet-Bloch waves which can be guided through the rod array. The hybrid-lens can function as the subwavelength focusing and the substrate simultaneously which may serve as the new tool in the high-speed imaging and sensing of the subwavelength biomedical objects by using the THz light

Comparative study of brain characteristics in reward mechanism among computer gamers towards addictive behaviour

This research is basically a comparative study of brain characteristics in reward mechanism towards addictive behaviour among active and non-active computer game players. There were fifteen active and fifteen non-active computer game players, which were classified using Video Game Addiction Test (VAT), participated in the experiment. Electroencephalography (EEG) system was used to record the brain signals. The modified Go-NoGo task combined with event-related potential paradigm were applied during the experiment, where the reaction time with the effect of different contrast levels (2.5% and 25%) and presence of performance feedback (no-feedback, positive feedback, negative feedback, monetary feedback) were recorded. EEGLab and sLORETA software were used in data pre-processing and analysing. EEG results concluded that active gamers activated the brain seed regions (superior frontal gyrus (SFG), posterior cingulate (PCC), anterior cingulate (ACC), insula and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)) during game play with generally faster activation compared to nonactive gamers. It can be concluded that monetary rewards, negative feedback and positive feedback are potential external cues which can induce addictive behaviour, whereby positive feedback has the highest potential and especially more on active gamers compared to non-active gamers. The reaction time of both group of active gamers and non-active gamers are shorter in responding during stimuli presentation which displayed 25% (higher) contrast level compared to 2.5% (lower) contrast level. Besides that, the average reaction time decreased throughout the four conditions (nofeedback > positive feedback > negative feedback > monetary feedback) in 25% stimuli contrast level for both active and non-active gamers

Strategi Bisnis UMKM Berbasis E-Commerce Pada Online Shop Adiva Shakila

Digital transformation is an urgency for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in facing global challenges. The benefits of digital transformation through the application of e-commerce include entering the global market, increasing productivity and efficiency. Adiva Shakila Perlengkapan Bhayangkari dan Organisasi (ASPBO) is an e-commerce-based MSME that experienced a decline in profits throughout 2020 and 2021. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the decline in APSBO performance, formulate business strategies that are in accordance with the external and internal environment ASPBO, and determine priority strategies that can be implemented by ASPBO. The selection of respondents was carried out using the purposive sampling method with the assumption that the respondent's knowledge of the object of study. The analytical tools used in this research are internal factor evaluation, external factor evaluation, strength weakness opportunity threat, and quantitative strategic planning matrix. The results of this study indicated that social restrictions are the main threat, the unemployment rate in the textile and textile product industry is the main opportunity, a good reputation is the main strength, and the disruption of product supply is the main weakness. The results also showed that there are four strategy formulations with the first priority, namely empowering the surrounding community who have expertise in the garment sector as an alternative supplier, the second priority is the evaluation and efficiency of business activities, the third priority is sales promotion through the provision of discounts and online advertising, and the fourth priority. namely increasing consumer loyalty. Keywords: e-commerce, MSMEs, QSPM, strategy formulation, SWO