Expression pattern of perilipins in human brain during aging and in Alzheimer's disease

Aims: Perilipins are conserved proteins that decorate intracellular lipid droplets and are essential for lipid metabolism. To date, there is limited knowledge on their expression in human brain or their involvement in brain aging and neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to characterise the expression levels of perilipins (Plin1–Plin5) in different cerebral areas from subjects of different age, with or without signs of neurodegeneration. Methods: We performed real-time RT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy analyses in autoptic brain samples of frontal and temporal cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus from subjects ranging from 33 to 104 years of age, with or without histological signs of neurodegeneration. To test the possible relationship between Plins and inflammation, correlation analysis with IL-6 expression was also performed. Results: Plin2, Plin3 and Plin5, but not Plin1 and Plin4, are expressed in the considered brain areas with different intensities. Plin2 appears to be expressed more in grey matter, particularly in neurons in all the areas analysed, whereas Plin3 and Plin5 appear to be expressed more in white matter. Plin3 seems to be expressed more in astrocytes. Only Plin2 expression is higher in old subjects and patients with early tauopathy or Alzheimer's disease and is associated with IL-6 expression. Conclusions: Perilipins are expressed in human brain but only Plin2 appears to be modulated with age and neurodegeneration and linked to an inflammatory state. We propose that the accumulation of lipid droplets decorated with Plin2 occurs during brain aging and that this accumulation may be an early marker and initial step of inflammation and neurodegeneration

Effects of Climatic Changes and Air Pollution on Bronchial Asthma in West Georgia

Epidemiological studies shown that the prevalence of asthma has risen dramatically worldwide and evidence suggests that air pollution factors have an important role in the etiology of the disease. The study aimed to establish the correlation between the concentration of phadiatop, total IgE levels in the blood in patients with diagnostic bronchial asthma and the concentration of specific air pollutants in terms of annual calendar of flowering plants in West Georgia. In the study were involved 45 patients (among them 24 males and 21 females) of different ages, with diagnostic bronchial asthma (according to GINA recommendation) who for allegro-specific diagnostics applied to the S/R Institute of Allergology, Asthma and Clinical Immunology of Georgian Academy of Sciences (Tskaltubo, Georgia) from January to April, 2017. The study included the following stages of allegro-diagnostics: I step - allegro diagnostic using modern automated system - "Immuno CAP 100" (PHADIA, Switzerland) II step - Monitoring of aeropollutants concentration by using aeropolinometer "Burkard Trap" (Great Britain). The analysis of the laboratory results showed that the studied patients had high titers of total IgE, which amounted to an average of 273 (N 33-90), while the average concentration of phadiatop was 96 (N <70), respectively. In the patients with bronchial asthma of a specific positivity of specific IgE to the weeds (Wx2) - ambrosia, plantain, clasp/tarragon, atriplex -in 25 (55%) on average; tree dust (Tx9) - alder, lactariuspiperatus, nuts, oak, willow - 16 (35%); and cereals (Gxl) - festucapratensis, loliumtemulentum, timoti grass, poa - 8 (17%); Mx2 - Penicilliumnotatum, Cladosporiumherbarum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Alternaria alternate- 11 (24%) was revealed, only in 6 (13%) patients we cannot established the allergy specific IgE. From January to April 2017, there were revealed a high concentration of aeropollutants, by high allergenization and widespread; especially high concentrations were found in alder, birch tree and common hazel, while from aeropollutants of low allergenization poplar, elm, willow and plane tree were distinguished. A concentration of different types of tree-dust and surrounded atmospheric aeropollutants was specified by using aeropolinometer "Burkard Trap" at a given period of time and consequently, the annual calendar for distribution of aeroallergens in West Georgia was developed over again. High degree correlation between the above-mentioned markers proves its clinical importance/value with respect to bronchial asthma

CORRELATION BETWEEN SPIROMETRY DATES AND SPECIAL ALLERGEN- SPECIFIC IGE IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN WEST GEORGIA

The study aimed to establish correlation between airway obstruction and specific IgE specificity, managing future treatment in the patients with bronchial asthma, among the population of west Georgia. In the study have been involved 56 patients (among them 24 males and 32 females) of different ages, with diagnostic bronchial asthma (according to GINA recommendation). On the ground of the aim the study included the following steps of allegro-diagnostics: I step - Computerized spirometry by apparatus ,,SPIROLAB 3". II step - To detect allergenization degree, total serum IgE levels, specific IgE and concentration of Phadiatop, using modern automated system - "Immuno CAP 100", were estimated in the patients. III step- future treatment recommendations. All 56 patients were undergone the spirometry measurement. Our results show that of 56 patient 21 (38%) had very severe obstruction by spiromatry: Pretest: FEV 1 - 28%; FEF-45%; FEV1/FVC ratio -55% on average. Post test: significant bronchodilatation was revealed FEV1> +12%( >200 mL) after the inhalation of four puffs of a short - acting beta2 sympathomimetic agent, e.r., 400 µg of salbutamol. In 19 (33%) patients severe bronchoobstruction was established. By spiromometry was revealed: Pre test: FEV 1 - 42%; FEF-55%; FEV1/FVC ratio -67% on average. Post test: significant bronchodilatation was revealed FEV1> +12%( >200 mL) In 14 (25%) patients moderate bronchoobstruction was diagnosed, the spiromatry results were. Pretest: FEV 1 - 52%; FEF-65%; FEV1/FVC ratio - 67% on average. Post test: It was revealed significant bronchodilatation FEV1> +12%( >200 mL). Only in 2 (4%) patients were diagnosed the normal spiromatry. In the patients with bronchial asthma of a specific positivity of specific IgE to the weeds (Wx2) - ambrosia, plantain, clasp/tarragon, atriplex - in 23 (53%) on average; tree dust (Tx9) - alder, lactarius piperatus, nuts, oak, willow - 11 (19%); and cereals (Gx1) - festuca pratensis, lolium temulentum, timoti grass, poa - 9 (16%); Mx2 -Penicillium notatum, Cladosporium herbarum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Alternaria alternate- 15 (21%) was revealed, only in 5 (9%) patients we cannot established the allergy specific IgE. It was established the correlation between spiromatry dates and special allergen specific IgE in patient with bronchial asthma. The latter is of great importance for providing the effective and safe allegro-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) and successful preventive measures