石油酵母添加飼料のマダイの成長および血液性状に及ぼす影響

石油酵母30%,フィッシュミール50%を含む飼料(試験飼料)とフィッシュミール70%を含む飼料(対照飼料)とを,マダイに投与して,105日間の飼育結果を比較した.成長ならびに餌料効果の面では,両者に差異が認められなかったが,飼育試験終了時における試験飼料投与群の血液性状は対照飼料投与群にくらべ,一般に血漿グルコース濃度はやや高く,血色素量およびヘマトクリット値は僅かに低く,さらに血漿中アルカリ性フォスファターゼ活性及び血漿総コレステロール濃度の著しい低下が認められた.Investigations have been carried out with a view to see the effects of the introduction of petroleum microorganisms in the diet of cultivated marine fishes. Sea bream, Chrysophrys major, was used as the experimental fish. Studies were made by comparing the growth rates and blood properties of fish under two types of feeding i.e. one when fed on a diet containing petroleum microorganisms and the other when fed on a diet of fish meal alone. Results can be summarized as follows: i) The mortality rate remains almost the same. ii) The body size and growth rate do not differ significantly. iii) Anatomical observations do not reveal any change in the morphological structure of the visceral organs. iv) Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit values, and plasma glucose concentration remain almost the same. v) Cholesterol concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity in plasma are lowered by the introduction of petroleum microorganisms in the diet. This lowering is significant especially in the latter case. Physiological mechanisms causing such differences in the blood properties, yet remain to be understood

Salinity Tolerance of the Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus Larvae with Growth

Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus larvae of different ages (1, 9, 18 and 27 days after hatching) were exposed for 120 h under food deprivation at various salinities (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48 and 52). Mortalities were recordid every 24 h. Salinity levels at which 50% larvae survived over the entire test period (120 h) were 16-36 for l-day-old larvae, 16 and 20 for S-day-old, 8-32 for 18-day-old and S-20 for 27-day-old larvae. The greatest overall survival was recorded at 16 for 1 and g-day-old larvae and 12 for 18 and 27-day-old larvae. The results suggest that flounder larvae can better withstand abrupt decrease rather than increase in salinity below ambient levels, and that the salinity tolerance of the larvae varies with age and exposed time

Polysialylation in a DISC1 Mutant Mouse

Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder that affects the social life of patients. Psychiatric disorders are caused by a complex combination of genetic (G) and environmental (E) factors. Polysialylation represents a unique posttranslational modification of a protein, and such changes in neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) have been reported in postmortem brains from patients with psychiatric disorders. To understand the G × E effect on polysialylated NCAM expression, in this study, we performed precise measurements of polySia and NCAM using a disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1)-mutant mouse (G), a mouse model of schizophrenia, under acute stress conditions (E). This is the first study to reveal a lower number and smaller length of polySia in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of DISC1 mutants relative to those in wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, an analysis of polySia and NCAM responses to acute stress in five brain regions (olfactory bulb, prefrontal cortex, suprachiasmatic nucleus, amygdala, and hippocampus) revealed that the pattern of changes in these responses in WT mice and DISC1 mutants differed by region. These differences could indicate the vulnerability of DISC1 mutants to stress

Efficient establishment of EpiSC lines from single cells.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Establishment of EpiSCs from E6.5 mouse epiblasts cultured with the indicated combinations of Activin, Fgf2, and XAV939 (25 µM) for 3 days. The cells were observed by phase-contrast microscopy, stained for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (blue), or subjected to immunochemical staining for Oct4 (brown). Scale bars, 200 µm. (<b>B</b>) Culture of dissociated epiblast cells on a feeder layer with Activin and Fgf2 as well as in the absence or presence of 25 µM XAV939 or 10 µM Y27632. Epiblast cells from one embryo were seeded in each well of a four-well plate. The cells were stained for alkaline phosphatase activity after culture for 5 days. (<b>C</b>) Enlarged view of each well in (B) showing EpiSC colonies. Scale bar, 200 µm. (<b>D</b>) Number of alkaline phosphatase–positive (black bar) and –negative (gray bar) colonies for cultures similar to those in (B). Data are means ± SEM for three independent cultures per condition.</p