Nitrogen and Sulphur in Coal

As it was considered that the origin of nitrogen in coal was protein, cellulose and lignin were coalified with protein (egg albumin) in water medium at 300°C under corresponding pressure. The behaviors of nitrogen in the artificial coalification processes were observed and the properties of thus obtained coals were examined. Nitrogen in protein is chemically combined with cellulose and lignin, and the proper amount of protein accelerates the huminification of cellulose and the bituminization of lignin. When these nitrogen containing artificial coals are oxidized with alkaline KMnO₄, nitrogen is recovered as NH₃ and NO´₃ almost quantitatively, as same as in the case of natural coals. With this fact, it seems probable that nitrogen in artificial coal is in the same condition of that in natural coal. Cellulose and lignin were artificially coalified in aqueous solutions or suspension of sulfides or sulfates to discuss the origin of sulphur in coal. Water soluble sulfides supply sulphur into artificial coal as organic sulphur, but water insoluble sulfides or sulfates (even water sobluble) do not. It can be concluded that the origin of organic sulphur in coal is water soluble sulfides and that the hypothesis, which explaines that iron sulfates are reduced to pyrite in the coal forming process, seems scarecely probable

On the Formation of Coal

The previous theories of the formation of coal have never explained satisfactorily that there are two different kinds of bituminous coal, namely one has the caking property and the other not; however, from the above described observations, the following conclusions may be obtained, because it seems that there is the possibility of the formation of the caking component only when cellulose is in the original materials. Namely, caking coal should have been formed under such conditions, that there were still comparatively large amounts of the decomposition products of cellulose during the huminification processes and the degree of coalification was suitable; on the other hand, when cellulose was decomposed and diminished severely beyond a cirtain degree, sintering or non-caking coal should have been formed. In another words, Fischer's lignin theory may be able to explain only the extreme, or rather exceptional case of the coal formation, and as the general view of this subject the cellulose theory, that not only lignin but also cellulose are the important original material of natural coal, seems in any case to be reasonable

MIXING CHARACTERISTICS OF A CONTINUOUS RIBBON MIXER

ArticleJournal of the Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University. Ser. B, Engineering 11: 1-10(1974)departmental bulletin pape

Triassic 40Ar/39Ar ages from the Sakaigawa unit, Kii Peninsula, Japan: implications for possible merger of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt with large-scale tectonic systems of the East Asian margin

International audienceThe 218.4 ± 0.4, 228.8 ± 0.9 and 231.9 ± 0.7 Ma 40Ar/39Ar laser probe pseudo-plateau ages (2σ; 49–63% 39Ar-release) of very low-grade meta-pelitic whole-rocks from the Sakaigawa unit date high-P/T metamorphism. We argue that this event occurred in a subduction–accretion complex, not along the East Asian continental margin, but on the Pacific side of the proto-Japan superterrane. Proto-Japan was a Permian magmatic arc, presently dispersed in the Japanese islands, which also contained older subduction–accretion complexes. The arc system was fringing but not yet part of the Eurasian continent. The Middle to Late Triassic high-P/T tectono-metamorphic event was partly coeval with proto-Japan's collision with proto-Eurasia along the southward extension of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, causing the main metamorphism in the Hida-Oki terrane. It is possible that this system continued via the Cathaysia block (China) to Indochina. The Late Permian to Middle Triassic Indosinian event might stem from docking of Pacific-derived terranes with Southeast Asia's continental margin. The concept of the proto-Japan superterrane implies that the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu suture zone joined the Central Asian Orogenic Belt to the east of the North China craton and did not continue to Japan, as commonly assumed

AN ESTIMATING METHOD OF TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE CONTENT DISTRIBUTIONS IN A CONTINUOUS COUNTER-CURRENT DRIER

ArticleJournal of the Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University. Ser. B, Engineering 11: 11-28(1974)departmental bulletin pape

Atmospheric Environment, Radioactivity and Organic Pollutants in Pan- Japan Sea Area (AERO-PJS)

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科Scedule:17-18 March 2003, Vemue: Kanazawa, Japan, Kanazawa Citymonde Hotel, Project Leader : Hayakawa, Kazuichi, Symposium Secretariat: XO kamata, Naoto, Edited by:Kamata, Naoto

Observation of Cochlear Sensory Hairs in the Neonatal Hamster

The authors performed the observation of the cochlear sensory hairs in the neonatal hamster by the scanning electron microscope from the first day to the sixteenth day after birth, by surface preparation technique under the magnifying glass. The results were as follows : The cochlear sensory hairs that were observed as the microvilli in the initial stage grew up to the stereocilia of adult hamster, showing the regular pattern of the development of the cochlear sensory hairs. The time of the completion of those development was judged to be eleven, thirteen and sixteen days after birth, in each basal, middle and apical turn of the basilar membrane