Effects of Carrier on the Performance of a Methane Fermentation System Using Heat from a Hot Spring

Poster Sessio

Environmental Impacts of Methane Fermentation System Using Hot Springs

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kompetensi pedagogik guru dalam proses pembelajaran PAI di MTs Pondok Pesantren Yayasan Hidayatul Ma’arifiyah Kecamatan Pangkalan Kerinci Kabupaten Pelalawan dan faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi kompetensi pedagogik guru dalam proses pembelajaran PAI di MTs Pondok Pesantren Yayasan Hidayatul Ma’arifiyah Kecamatan Pangkalan Kerinci Kabupaten Pelalawan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru-guru PAI yang ada di MTs Pondok Pesantren Hidayatul Ma’arifiyyah Kecamatan Pangkalan Kerinci Kabupaten Pelalawan. Sedangkan yang menjadi objeknya adalah kompetensi pedagogik guru dalam proses pembelajaran PAI di MTs Pondok Pesantren Yayasan Hidayatul Ma’arifiyah Kecamatan Pangkalan Kerinci Kabupaten Pelalawan. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisa data yang digunakan yaitu teknik deskriptif kualitatif dengan persentase. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan maka penulis dapat mengambil kesimpulan yaitu: Kompetensi pedagogik guru dalam proses pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di MTs Hidayatul Ma’arifiyah Pangkalan Kerinci termasuk kategori cukup. Hal ini diketahui dari hasil persentase rata-rata kompetensi pedagogik guru dalam proses pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di MTs Hidayatul Ma’arifiyah Pangkalan Kerinci yaitu sebesar 60,67%. Sedangkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kompetensi pedagogik guru dalam proses pembelajaran PAI di MTs Hidayatul Ma’arifiyah Kecamatan Pangkalan Kerinci yaitu: latar belakang pendidikan guru, pengalaman mengajar, pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh kepada sekolah, dan sarana atau fasilitas pendidikan yang memadai yang dimiliki oleh MTs Hidayatul Ma’arifiyah Pangkalan Kerinci Kabupaten Pelalawan tersebut

A novel insertion pathway of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins with multiple transmembrane segments

The central channel Tom40 of the preprotein translocase of outer membrane (TOM) complex is thought to be responsible for the import of virtually all preproteins synthesized outside the mitochondria. In this study, we analyze the topogenesis of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), which integrates into the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) through five hydrophobic transmembrane segments (TMSs) and functions in cholesterol import into the inner membrane. Analyses of in vitro and in vivo import into TOM component–depleted mitochondria reveal that PBR import (1) depends on the import receptor Tom70 but requires neither the Tom20 and Tom22 import receptors nor the import channel Tom40, (2) shares the post-Tom70 pathway with the C-tail–anchored proteins, and (3) requires factors of the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Furthermore, membrane integration of mitofusins and mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase, the MOM proteins with two and four TMSs, respectively, proceeds through the same initial pathway. These findings reveal a previously unidentified pathway of the membrane integration of MOM proteins with multiple TMSs

Screening for yeast mutants defective in recipient ability for transkingdom conjugation with Escherichia coli revealed importance of vacuolar ATPase activity in the horizontal DNA transfer phenomenon

Proteobacterium Escherichia coli strains harboring wide-transfer-range conjugative plasmids are able to transfer these plasmids to several yeast species. Whole plasmid DNA is mobilizable in the transkingdom conjugation phenomenon. Owing to the availability of various conjugative plasmids in bacteria, the horizontal DNA transfer has potential to occur between various bacteria and eukaryotes. In order to know host factor genes involved in such conjugation, we systematically tested the conjugability of strains among a yeast library comprising single-gene-knockout mutants in this study. This genome-wide screen identified 26 host chromosomal genes whose absence reduced the efficiency of the transkingdom conjugation. Among the 26 genes, 20 are responsible for vacuolar ATPase activity, while 5 genes (SHP1, CSG2, CCR4, NOT5, and HOF1) seem to play a role in maintaining the cell surface. Lack of either ZUO1 gene or SSZ1 gene, each of which encodes a component of the ribosome-associated cytoplasmic molecular chaperone, also strongly affected transkingdom conjugation.This work was supported in part by Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (#20570221)

Polyoxometalates and Microporous Transition Metal Carboxylates: Synthesis, Characterization, and Oxidation Catalysis

The oxidation of alkenes and alcohols with hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) and molecular oxygen, is quite an interesting objective for both academic and industrial fields. In this paper, we focused on polyoxometalates and microporous transition metal carboxylates as oxidation catalysts. For H_2O_2-based epoxidation reactions catalyzed by dimeric mono, di, and trititanium (IV)-substituted Keggin polyoxotungstates, trititanium (IV)-substituted Keggin polyoxotungstate was the most active because it exhibited the fastest formation rate of active hydroperoxotitanium (IV) intermediate. Furthermore, we investigated a novel method for the grafting reaction of transition metal-substituted polyoxometalates onto a silica surface. Keggin-type vanadium(V)-substituted polyoxomolybdate (PMoV) was electrostatically anchored to a modified silica surface having cationic ammonium moiety. The PMoV-grafted silica material exhibited activities higher than those of homogeneous PMoV reactions for the oxidation of various alcohols with 1 atm dioxygen in the presence of isobutyraldehyde (IBA). Microporous copper(II) carboxylates showed unique activities for the oxidation of alcohols with H_2O_2 in a heterogeneous system, in which a green-colored species, H_2[Cu_2^(OOCC_6H_10COO)_2(O_2)]・H_2O was one of the active oxidizing intermediates

Use of Service Data to Inform Pediatric HIV-free Survival Following Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Programs in Rural Malawi

Abstract Background Recent years have seen rapid and significant progress in science and implementation of programs to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Programs that support PMTCT routinely monitor service provision but very few have measured their effectiveness. The objective of the study was to use service data to inform HIV-free survival among HIV exposed children that received antiretroviral drugs to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. The study was conducted in two rural districts in Malawi with support from FHI 360. Methods A descriptive observational study of PMTCT outcomes was conducted between June 2005 and June 2009. The dataset included patient-level data of all pregnant women 1) that tested HIV-positive, 2) that were dispensed with antiretroviral prophylaxis, and 3) whose addresses were available for home visits. The data were matched to each woman’s corresponding antenatal clinic data from home visit registers. Results Out of 438 children whose home addresses were available, 33 (8%) were lost to follow-up, 35 (8%) were alive but not tested for HIV by the time home visit was conducted, and 52 (12%) were confirmed deceased. A total of 318 children were alive at the time of the home visit and had an HIV antibody test done at median age 15 months. The resulting estimated 24-month probability of HIV-free survival over all children was 78%. Among children who did not receive nevirapine, the estimated 24-month probability of HIV-free survival was 61%, and among those who did receive NVP syrup the estimate was 82%. Conclusions When mothers and newborns received nevirapine, the estimated 24-month probability of HIV-free survival among children was high at 82% (CI: 54% to 99%). However this conclusion should be interpreted cautiously 1) due to the wide confidence interval; and 2) because the confidence interval range includes 55%, which is the natural HIV-free survival rate in the absence of a PMTCT intervention. This analysis highlighted the need of quality data and well-structured home visits to assess PMTCT effectiveness