Pengembangan Suplemen Pembelajaran Fisika Gelombang Elektromagnetik Cahaya Sebagai Partikel Memanfaatkan Virtual Laboratorium

This research has been done to make a supplement for physics learning about light electromagnetic wave as a particle using virtual laboratory. The population of this research was the second year science-students at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Metro. This development is begun by needs analysis, then identification of resource which is the background of this developmental research. The next step is, identifying the product specification then developing products which contained a tutorial book for teacher and a work sheet for student (LKS). The material and design expert test result is that those products were approved. The external test resulted by users show that the LKS was attractive, very easy to use, and useful. It also was effective to be used as a learning resource because 80% of students reached the passing grade.Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengembangkan suplemen pembelajaran fisika gelombang elektromagnetik cahaya sebagai partikel dengan memanfaatkan virtual laboratorium. Populasi penelitian pengembangan ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Metro. Pengembangan ini diawali dengan analisis kebutuhan, kemudian identifikasi sumber daya yang melatar belakangi pengembangan. Langkah selanjutnya identifikasi spesifikasi produk yang dilanjutkan dengan mengembangkan produk berupa LKS untuk siswa dan buku panduan untuk guru. Hasil uji internal oleh ahli materi dan ahli desain menyatakan produk yang dikembangkan layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran. Hasil uji eksternal oleh pengguna menunjukkan kualitas media pembelajaran menarik, sangat mudah digunakan, dan bermanfaat serta efektif digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran dengan presentase hasil belajar sebesar 80% siswa telah memenuhi KKM

The Safety and Immunogenicity of Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccination: A Study of Maternal-Cord Blood Pairs in Taiwan

<div><p>Background</p><p>There are little data about adverse effects and immunogenicity of flu vaccine in Asian pregnant women.</p><p>Methods</p><p>This prospective trial (NCT01514708) enrolled 46 pregnant women who received a single intramuscular dose of trivalent flu vaccine (AdimFlu-S®) containing 15 mcg of hemagglutinin for each strain/0.5 mL from influenza A (H1N1), influenza A (H3N2), and influenza B after the first trimester. Blood samples were collected at day 0 and 28 after vaccination, and at delivery. Cord blood was also collected. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays were performed to determine seroprotection and seroconversion rates and fold increase in the HAI geometric mean titer (GMT).</p><p>Results</p><p>Twenty-eight days after vaccination the seroprotection rate against H1N1, H3N2, and influenza B was 91.3%, 84.8% and 56.5%, respectively. The GMT fold increase was 12.8, 8.4, and 4.6 for H1N1, H3N2, and influenza B, respectively. At delivery, both the seroprotection rate (86.4%, 68.2%, and 47.7%) and GMT fold increase (9.4, 5.7 and 3.8) were slightly lower than day 28. The seroprotection rate and GMT fold increase in maternal and cord blood samples were comparable. No significant adverse effects were detected.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Trivalent flu vaccine induces a strong immune response in pregnant women and their infants without adverse effects.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>Clinical Trials. gov <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01514708/ISRCTN64117538/" target="_blank">NCT01514708</a></p></div

Seroprotection rate, seroconversion rate, and HAI GMT of 44 subjects at delivery.

<p>Two subjects, P005 and P039, who did not deliver at the study site were not included in this analysis. Data presented as mean±standard deviation or number (percentage).</p><p>a: Mc'Nemar exact test for the change of response over time.</p><p>b: Comparison between Seroconversion rate and immunogenicity criteria of Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) was analyzed by Binomial Exact test.</p><p>c: Wilcoxon signed rank test for the change of HAI titer over time.</p>*<p>: statistically significant (p<0.05).</p><p>Note: Periods were defined as follows: 0–2 weeks, delivery within 20 days after vaccination; 3–4 weeks, delivery at day 21 to day 34; 5–8 weeks, delivery at day 35 to 63; >8 weeks, delivery day 64 or later.</p

Adverse events occurring within 7 days after vaccination in 46 subjects.

<p>Data presented as number (percentage).</p

Seroprotection rate and HAI GMT of cord blood samples.

<p>Data presented as mean±standard deviation or number (percentage).</p><p>a: Mc'Nemar exact test for the difference of seroprotection rate among maternal subjects and cord blood at delivery.</p><p>b: Wilcoxon signed rank test for the difference in HAI titer among maternal subjects and cord blood at delivery.</p>*<p>: Statistically significant (p<0.05).</p

The trial profiles.

<p>The trial profiles.</p

Seroprotection rate, seroconversion rate, and HAI GMT of 46 subjects at day 28 after vaccination.

<p>Data presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage).</p><p>a: Mc'Nemar exact test for the change of response over time.</p><p>b: Comparison between Seroconversion rate and immunogenicity criteria of Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) was analyzed by Binomial Exact test.</p><p>c: Wilcoxon signed rank test for the change of HAI titer over time.</p>*<p>: statistically significant (p<0.05).</p><p>NA, not applicable.</p

Demographic, clinical, and obstetric characteristics of the 46 participants.

<p>Data presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage).</p>*<p>Data only includes subjects with a prior delivery (<i>n</i> = 21).</p

Demographic characteristics (n = 109).

<p>Demographic characteristics (n = 109).</p

Outcome and complications of the patients receiving chemotherapy (n = 31).

<p>Foley: uterine tamponade by Foley catheter. BT: blood transfusion; TCR: transcervical resection by hysteroscopy; Laparotomy: hysterotomy via mini-laparotomy or conventional laparotomy. UAE: uterine artery embolization. BL: blood loss.</p