Identification and estimation of the marine ecosystem services surrounding selected offshore islands of Vietnam

Intertidal and larger marine ecosystems surrounding the islands of Bach Long Vi (Northern Vietnam), Con Co (Central Vietnam) and Tho Chu (Southernmost Vietnam) which have typical and valuable ecosystems are planned as marine protected areas. They are the study area of this paper on identification and estimation of these ecosystem services. The total economic valuation concept is used to estimate the total value of the ecosystems during the period March 2014 to October 2015. The marine ecosystems surrounding Bach Long Vi Island were estimated servicing 599,047.8 million VND (Vietnam Dong)/year in total (corresponding to 26.62 million USD (US dollar—1 USD = 22,503.68 VND (rate May 1, 2015)); calculated per hectare; this value corresponds with 94 million VND/year. The marine ecosystems surrounding Con Co Island provide a total monetary service of 267,518 million VND/year (approximately, 12 million USD/year); this corresponds with 307 million VND/ha/year. The marine ecosystems surrounding the Tho Chu archipelago were worth 565,236 million VND/year (approximately, 25 million USD/year); this corresponded with 125.47 million VND/ha/year. These figures show the most significant service value of marine ecosystems, particularly around the three islands

TÍNH TOÁN CHỈ SỐ GIÁ TRỊ KINH TẾ HỆ SINH THÁI VÙNG BIỂN ĐẢO CỒN CỎ

Based on ecosystem values of coastal waters in Con Co island estimated in the national project coded KC09.08/11-15, indices of ecosystem values were developed and calculated with three components: direct use value index (Idev) of 40.2, indirect use value index (Iidev) of 55.2 and non-use value index (Inuv) of 100. An index of the total ecosystem economic value (Ieev) for the studied area was calculated at 65.1, equal to 370,350 million VND per year at present. At assessment scale of 100 points with one forth interval, economic values of coastal ecosystems of Con Co island are high.Giá trị kinh tế của hệ sinh thái biển vùng đảo Cồn Cỏ ước tính trong đề tài KC09.08/11-15 được chuyển thành các chỉ số giá trị kinh tế hệ sinh thái với những giá trị cụ thể theo ba hợp phần: Giá trị sử dụng trực tiếp hệ sinh thái - Idev = 40,2, giá trị sử dụng gián tiếp - Iidev = 55,2 và giá trị phi sử dụng - Inuv = 100. Tổng giá trị kinh tế hệ sinh thái (Ieev) cũng được tính toán và bằng 65,1 tương ứng với tổng giá trị kinh tế từ 267.519 triệu đồng/năm đến 370.350 triệu đồng/năm trong giai đoạn hiện tại. So sánh với thang đánh giá 100 điểm theo khoảng một phần tư, giá trị kinh tế hệ sinh thái vùng biển đảo Cồn Cỏ hiện đang ở mức cao

Phenolic compounds from leaves of Amensiodendron chinese (Sapindaceae)

From the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of Amensiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu (Sapindaceae), we isolated three known phenolic compounds: 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (1), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (2), and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3). We elucidated their chemical structures from the spectral data and compared them with those reported in the literature.3 hợp chất phenolic được phân lập từ cao chiết ethyl acetate của lá thuộc loài Amensiodendron chinese (Merr.) Hu (Sapindaceae) bao gồm : 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (1), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (2), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3). Cấu trúc hóa học được xác định dựa vào dữ liệu phổ và so sánh với tài liệu tham khảo

The role of technological innovation and cleaner energy towards the environment in ASEAN countries: proposing a policy for sustainable development goals

The association between economic growth (EG) and environmental degradation (ED) has been highlighted extensively in prior studies. However, investigation regarding ‘technological innovation and clean energy role’ in dealing with environmental concerns has comprised limited context while considering the ASEAN economies under sustainable development goals. Therefore, the study attempts to investigate the phenomenon by using CS-ARDL analysis under short as well as long run. The findings through CSARDL in long- and short-run indicate that REN have impact carbon emission and ecological footprints negatively. Additionally, the EG in targeted economies is causing a higher level of CE and ecological footprints. Whereas, GDP2ofund to be significant in lowering the ED in the form of CE and ecological footprints. It is suggested that policies related to CE through EG should be developed in order to control the environmental issues in the future

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON VOLATILE COMPOUNDS OF AGARWOOD FROM KHANH HOA PROVINCE EXTRACTED BY DIFFERENT METHODS

Agarwood from Aquilaria crassna cultivated in Khanh Hoa province was extracted by 5 methods, including simple, enzyme-assited, and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation, extraction with solvent and supercritical carbon dioxide. The volatile compounds of the products were analyzed by GC-MS. Almost all samples contain some common characteristic components, such as Valerianol, Agarospirol, Eudesmol b-, Eudesmol 10-epi-g-, 2-Allyl-4-methylphenol, Guaiol and Neopetasone. However, there were obvious differences in yields, composition, and number of identified components. The application of the more advanced methods for the extraction of agarwood resulted in saving of time and energy, and some improvement of product yield. However, these methods also lead to unconventional products with many unknown components, what requires further investigations

LƯỢNG GIÁ KINH TẾ GIÁ TRỊ DU LỊCH TỪ CÁC HỆ SINH THÁI BIỂN VÙNG ĐẢO BẠCH LONG VĨ, HẢI PHÒNG

Bach Long Vi island is an offshore district in the centre of the Gulf of Tonkin in Vietnam and administratively belongs to Hai Phong city. The island surrounded by abundant marine ecosystems with high biodiversity is one of 16 marine protected areas approved by the Prime Minister of Vietnam on 26/5/2010 according to the Decision No.742/QD-TTg. Currently, in addition to the main service of economic activities as fishery logistics, Bach Long Vi island still remains the wild features with beautiful scenery, fresh air and the diversity of marine species that are suitable for the development of eco-tourism and resorts. Although tourism at present is not developed yet, its potentials are promising. Deploying zone travel cost method (ZTCM), tourism potentials based on ecosystem services of Bach Long Vi island were estimated at 5.4 billion VND (Vietnamese currency). The value can be much higher if the infrastructure of the island is improved and the island is accessible more easily. Tourism potential valuation and identification of the advantages of the island strongly support tourism planning in the future.Đảo Bạch Long Vĩ là đảo xa bờ nhất của Việt Nam trong vịnh Bắc Bộ và về mặt hành chính là một huyện đảo trực thuộc thành phố Hải Phòng. Đảo có hệ sinh thái biển bao quanh khá phong phú, đa dạng sinh học cao, là một trong số 16 khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên biển Việt Nam đã được Thủ tướng chính phủ phê duyệt lựa chọn vào ngày 26/5/2010 theo Quyết định số 742/QĐ-TTg. Hiện nay, ngoài hoạt động kinh tế dịch vụ chính là hậu cần nghề cá, huyện đảo Bạch Long Vĩ vẫn giữ nguyên được nét hoang sơ với cảnh quan đẹp, không khí trong lành và sự đa dạng của các loài hải sản thích hợp với phát triển du lịch sinh thái, nghỉ dưỡng. Mặc dù hiện tại du lịch chưa phát triển ở vùng đảo, tuy nhiên tiềm năng du lịch rất lớn. Bằng phương pháp tính chi phí du lịch theo vùng (ZTCM), giá trị tiềm năng du lịch trên nền tảng các dịch vụ hệ sinh thái của đảo Bạch Long Vĩ được ước tính là 5,4 tỷ đồng/năm. Giá trị này còn cao hơn nhiều nếu hạ tầng cơ sở của đảo và khả năng đi lại thuận tiện. Ước tính giá trị tiềm năng du lịch và xác định cụ thể những yếu tố thuận lợi giúp khu vực này phát triển tốt du lịch trong tương lai

Investigation of Sodium Manganese Oxide Nanowires Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method for Alkaline Ion Battery

Sodium Manganese Oxide (NaxMnO2) has attracted much attention as cathode materials for alkaline ion battery due to the ability of fast charge and discharge ion Na+, in particular in nanoscale. We report on the synthesis of NaxMnO2 nanowires via hydrothermal synthesis route from Mn2O3 and NaOH solution. The morphological observation indicates that the obtained Na0.44MnO2 nanowires with diameters of about 20-30 nm, length up to several micrometers were formed by this process. The electrochemical properties of fabricated materials were investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry technique and show that Sodium Manganese Oxide (NaxMnO2) is a promising material in the field of research and fabrication alkaline ion battery

TRACKING CONTROL FOR ELECTRO-OPTICAL SYSTEM IN VIBRATION ENVIROMENT BASED ON SELF-TUNING FUZZY SLIDING MODE CONTROL

The paper presents a new method for tracking control of EOTS (Electro-Optical Tracking System) operating in mobile environment such as ship, air plane, tank and so on. This makes the base body of the EOTS has angular motion. The control alogorithm used in this paper is adaptive fuzzy sliding mode. The overall control is built and simulated in Matlab and compared with a sliding mode controller and a conventional PID controller. The simulation result illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed controlle

Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of anal fistulas with scrotal extension: a retrospective study

IntroductionThis study aimed to elucidate the magnetic resonance (MR) characteristics of anal fistulas extending to the scrotum, and the applicable rules, and to correlate MR features with surgical findings.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study in 150 consecutive patients with anal fistulas extending into the scrotum, who were diagnosed and underwent surgery at University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City between January 2017 and April 2022. MR findings were evaluated and compared with surgical findings using Cohens kappa coefficient (k) with a 95% confidence interval.Results150 patients (mean age 37.6 ± 10.9 years) with 166 fistulas, including 150 anal fistulas with scrotal extension. Most fistulas were low transsphincteric (80.0%, 120/150 patients). There was a strong agreement for primary tract classification and detecting the location of internal openings between MRI and surgical findings with k = 0.83 (0.780.87) and k = 0.89 (0.85 0.93) (p<0.001), respectively. There is a significant correlation between the location of internal openings and the type of fistula (p<0.05). Low transsphincteric fistulas were predominant in the anterior group (103/122 patients vs. 10/19 patients), while in the posterior group, it was more common in the high transsphincteric fistulas (7/19 patients vs. 14/122 patients), and the intersphincteric fistulas (1/19 patients vs. 5/122 patients); and the suprasphincteric fistulas were only seen in the posterior group (1 patient).ConclusionAnal fistulas with scrotal extension are exceptions to Goodsalls rule. Albeit long-tract fistulas, most are low transsphincteric and have anterior internal openings

FPGA-Based Multiple DDoS Countermeasure Mechanisms System Using Partial Dynamic Reconfiguration

In this paper, we propose a novel FPGA-based high-speed DDoS countermeasure system that can flexibly adapt to DDoS attacks while still maintaining system performance. The system includes a packet decoder module and multiple DDoS countermeasure mechanisms. We apply dynamic partial reconfiguration technique in this system so that the countermeasure mechanisms can be flexibly changed or updated on-the-fly. The proposed system architecture separates DDoS protection modules (which implement DDoS countermeasure techniques) from the packet decoder module. By using this approach, one DDoS protection module can be reconfigured without interfering with other modules. The proposed system is implemented on a NetFPGA 10G board. The synthesis results show that the system can work at up to 116.782 MHz while utilizing up to 39.9% Registers and 49.85% BlockRAM of the Xilinx Virtex xcv5tx240t FPGA device on the NetFPGA 10G board. The system achieves the detection rate of 100% with the false negative rate at 0% and false positive rate closed to 0.16%. The prototype system achieves packet decoding throughput at 9.869 Gbps in half-duplex mode and 19.738 Gbps in full-duplex mode