Lavoro e responsabilità solidale negli appalti: dalla legge Bersani alla Finanziaria 2007 = Work and joint responsibility in contracts: from the Bersani law to the 2007 Budget. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .IT - 52/2007

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Somministrazione, comando, appalto. Le nuove forme di prestazione di lavoro a favore del terzo = Administration, command, contract. The new forms of work provision in favor of the third party. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .IT - 10/2004

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Accordi FIAT, clausola di pace sindacale e limiti al diritto di sciopero = FIAT agreements, union peace clause and limits to the right to strike. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .IT - 117/2011

The article explores two innovative contractual clauses introduced in the collective agreements signed between June and December 2010 for employees of Fiat (Pomigliano-NA) and Mirafiori (TO), where there has been the introduction of restrictions on the right of workers to strike. In particular, the first clause takes care of Trade union and illegitimate the consequent inability of the Company to claim rights or to exercise the powers under the Agreement establishing penalties against union signatory. The second clause, instead, deals with the behaviour of individual workers, having as result disciplinary sanctions. Both terms however, establish the indivisibility of all terms of the collective agreement and leave the disciplinary hypothesis in, by workers in violation of the obligation undertaken by trade unions (alias, in violation of the union peace clause). The issue is complex and difficult for two reasons: -the first one is a union reason, because the agreements were not signed by FIOM-CGIL union (which represents the majority among the union workers) even if they have passed the scrutiny of the referendum among the workers concerned. -The second question is purely legal since in Italy the introduction of limits on the right to strike of the individual worker, using the clauses of collective agreements, is subject to conflicting interpretation solutions, notwithstanding the provisions of article 40 of the Constitution. The analysis proposed in the article, aims to demonstrate the limits of the strike introduced by the terms of the agreements in question, even when involving the individual worker effects, not on the level of the individual contract and disciplinary sanctions, but only on trade unions. The latter, in fact are responsible for the behaviour of individual workers in place in breach of the union peace clause

Epigenetic control of the basal-like gene expression profile via Interleukin-6 in breast cancer cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Basal-like carcinoma are aggressive breast cancers that frequently carry p53 inactivating mutations, lack estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and express the cancer stem cell markers CD133 and CD44. These tumors also over-express Interleukin 6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine that stimulates the growth of breast cancer stem/progenitor cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we show that p53 deficiency in breast cancer cells induces a loss of methylation at <it>IL-6 </it>proximal promoter region, which is maintained by an IL-6 autocrine loop. IL-6 also elicits the loss of methylation at the <it>CD133 </it>promoter region 1 and of <it>CD44 </it>proximal promoter, enhancing <it>CD133 </it>and <it>CD44 </it>gene transcription. In parallel, IL-6 induces the methylation of estrogen receptor (ERα) promoter and the loss of ERα mRNA expression. Finally, IL-6 induces the methylation of <it>IL-6 </it>distal promoter and of <it>CD133 </it>promoter region 2, which harbour putative repressor regions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We conclude that IL-6, whose methylation-dependent autocrine loop is triggered by the inactivation of p53, induces an epigenetic reprogramming that drives breast carcinoma cells towards a basal-like/stem cell-like gene expression profile.</p

Impact of the Type of Dialysis on Time to Transplantation: Is It Just a Matter of Immunity?

Background: Renal transplantation represents the therapeutic gold standard in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Still the role of pre-transplant dialysis in affecting time to transplantation has yet to be determined. We wanted to verify whether the type of renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis vs. peritoneal dialysis) affects time to transplantation and to identify clinical features related to the longer time to transplantation. Methods: We performed a retrospective single-center observational study on patients who had received a transplant in the Bologna Transplant Unit from 1991 to 2019, described through the analysis of digital transplant list documents for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), blood group, comorbidities, underlying disease, serology, type of dialysis, time to transplantation, Panel Reactive Antibodies (PRA) max, number of preformed anti Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) antibodies. A p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the 1619 patients analyzed, we observed a significant difference in time to transplant, PRA max and Preformed Antibodies Number between patients who received Hemodialysis (HD) and Peritoneal dialysis (PD). Then we performed a multiple regression analysis with all the considered factors in order to identify features that support these differences. The clinical variables that independently and directly correlate with longer time to transplantation are PRA max (p &lt; 0.0001), Antibodies number (p &lt; 0.0001) and HD (p &lt; 0.0001); though AB blood group (p &lt; 0.0001), age (p &lt; 0.003) and PD (p &lt; 0.0001) inversely correlate with time to transplantation. Conclusions: In our work, PD population received renal transplants in a shorter period of time compared to HD and turned out to be less immunized. Considering immunization, the type of dialysis impacts both on PRA max and on anti HLA antibodies

Privatizzazioni, esternalizzazioni e tutela dei lavoratori

The paper reconstructs and analyzes the provisions on the protection of workers involved in the processes of privatization and outsourcing implemented by public administratio