Toxic epidermal necrolysis: a severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare but serious is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. It is primarily a cutaneous reaction to various precipitating agents, characterized by wide spread erythema and detachment of the epidermis from the dermis. Among the various cutaneous adverse drug reactions, TEN occupy a primary place in terms of mortality. In TEN large sheets of skin are lost from the body surface, thereby decreasing the protecting function of the skin, which results in complications. Usually, TEN is self-limited in absence of complications. If complicated by sepsis, there will be increased chances of mortality. The main treatment would be cessation of the causative drug and early admission of the patient for supportive care and minimizing the occurrence of complications. The present articles reviews the etiology, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis and treatment protocol, with a case of TEN occurrence in a child of 4 years age after consuming phenytoin syrup for febrile convulsions

Visualisation of an entangled channel spin-1 system

Co-variance matrix formalism gives powerful entanglement criteria for continuous as well as finite dimensional systems. We use this formalism to study a mixed channel spin-1 system which is well known in nuclear reactions. A spin-j state can be visualized as being made up of 2j spinors which are represented by a constellation of 2j points on a Bloch sphere using Majorana construction. We extend this formalism to visualize an entangled mixed spin-1 system.Comment: 4 pages,4 figure

The diagnostic utility of cell block as an adjunct to cytological smears

Objectives: Cytological examination of serous fluids is of paramount importance in detecting cancer cells. Distinguishing malignant cells from benign reactive mesothelial cells in fluid cytology is an everyday diagnostic problem. Cell blocks are valuable when the features in cytology are inconclusive. The motive of this study was to assess the utility of this method in increasing the diagnostic yield of serous fluids. Methods: 225 (25%) effusion fluids were analyzed carefully by both smear and cell block technique. Results: Among 225 fluids, 139 were pleural, 84 peritoneal and 2 pericardial. In case of pleural fluids and ascitic fluids, maximum numbers of cases were inflammatory. By the cell block technique, 5 additional cases of malignancy in pleural fluids and 7 additional cases of malignancy in ascitic fluids were diagnosed which could not be detected in the cytological smears. In pericardial fluids both cases were inflammatory. Male predominance was noted in case of pleural effusion and female predominance was noted in case of pericardial effusion and ascites. Maximum numbers of cases were seen in the age group of 40-60 years. Conclusion: We conclude that the cell block technique when used as an adjuvant to routine smear examination has increased the diagnostic yield because of better preservation of the architectural pattern

1-Chloro-4-(3,4-dichloro­phen­yl)-3,4-dihydro­naphthalene-2-carbaldehyde

The title compound, C17H11Cl3O, was synthesized via the Vilsmeier–Haack reaction. The dihydro­naphthalene ring system is non-planar, the dihedral angle between the two fused rings being 10.87 (13)°; it forms a dihedral angle of 81.45 (10)° with the dichloro­phenyl ring. The crystal structure features inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Mandi electronic exchange: orchestrating Indian agricultural markets for maximizing social welfare

In this paper, we discuss the prevailing agricultural marketing system in India and identify the problems and inefficiencies. We propose that the government wholesale market called the Mandi should be transformed into an electronic marketplace (exchange) for agricultural produce. An important function of the electronic exchange is to match the supply of the farmers' produce with the demand from the wholesalers and retailers. We present a mixed integer programming model that the electronic exchange needs to solve in an iterative way to optimally match buyers with sellers. We present a stylized case study to illustrate the functioning of such a Mandi exchange. We believe such a Mandi exchange will have a translational impact on agricultural trading, particularly in India