Subcutaneous emphysema during root canal therapy: endodontic accident by sodium hypoclorite

Cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema is defined as the abnormal introduction of air in the subcutaneous tissues of the head and neck. It is mainly caused by trauma, head and neck surgery, general anesthesia, and coughing or habitual performance of Valsalva manoeuvre. The occurrence of subcutaneous emphysema after dental treatment is rare, and diffusion of gas into the mediastinum is much rarer, especially when the procedure is a nonsurgical treatment. Presented here is a case of subcutaneous emphysema that occurred after sodium hypochlorite irrigation during endodontic treatment, and the description of its etiologies and prevention during nonsurgical endodontic treatment. Endodontic success can be essentially achieved via good debridement of a root canal, and an ideal endodontic irrigant is effective in removing the smear layer, opening the dentinal tubules, and producing a clean surface for closer obturation

"Designing Identity: Technology, Media and Politics in Complexity"

During historical transitions, it is a common practice to question the boundaries of identity. Indeed it becomes strategically important to analyse and decodify both the new emerging symbols and the discourses on the Self which define the dynamics of identity representation. Since in our contemporary age contradiction and conflict permeate the categories of values and the mechanisms of representation of reality, it is interesting to investigate the following issues: - the ways in which literature connects cultural innovation, new kinds of knowledge, cognitive practice, and the ethical and the moral dimension of civil and social coexistence. If not fully identified, the 'new' takes on the character of the monstrous; - the renewed individual and/or collective narrative logic(s) and its(their) fields of action, as for example social media storytelling or unsettling web-culture phenomena such as digital after-death; - the complexity of contemporary social systems, including migration and terrorist policies which move the concept of inter/multiculturalism further and mark even more intensely a clear conflict with all those cultural key factors that we perceive as belonging to our cultural identity or heritage. Think, for example, about the sociological concept of ‘super-diversity.’ - the role law plays in describing these new collective dynamics in a renewed negotiation between rights and duties, and the necessity to repossess a strong ethical dimension. The panel aims at investigating the ways in which we can shape, enact/re-enact our existence and our being in the contemporary world within the design of culture, intended as a sense-making intellectual framework

Tumor derived Microvesicles enhance cross-processing ability of clinical grade Dendritic Cells

Tumor cells release extracellular microvesicles (MVs) in the microenvironment to deliver biological signals to neighbouring cells as well as to cells in distant tissues. Tumor-derived MVs appear to play contradictory role promoting both immunosuppression and tumor growth and both evoking tumor specific immune response. Recent evidences indicate that tumor-derived MVs can positively impact Dendritic Cells (DCs) immunogenicity by reprogramming DC antigen processing machinery and intracellular signaling pathways, thus promoting anti-tumor response. DCs are considered pivot cells of the immune system due to their exclusive ability to coordinate the innate and acquired immune responses, cross-present exogenous antigens and prime naïve T cells. DCs are required for the induction and maintenance of long-lasting anti-tumor immunity and their exploitation has been extensively investigated for the design of anti-tumor vaccines. However, the clinical grade culture conditions that are required to generate DCs for therapeutic use can strongly affect their functions. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory impact of MVs carrying the MUC1 tumor glycoantigen (MVsMUC1) as immunogen formulation on clinical grade DCs grown in X-VIVO 15 (X-DCs). Results indicated that X-DCs displayed reduced performance of the antigen processing machinery in term of diminished phagocytosis and acidification of the phagosomal compartment suggesting an altered immunogenicity of clinical grade DCs. Pulsing DCs with MVsMUC1 restored phagosomal alkalinization, triggering ROS increase. This was not observed when a soluble MUC1 protein was employed (rMUC1). Concurrently, MVsMUC1 internalization by X-DCs allowed MUC1 cross-processing. Most importantly, MVsMUC1 pulsed DCs activated IFNγ response mediated by MUC1 specific CD8+ T cells. These results strongly support the employment of tumor-derived MVs as immunogen platforms for the implementation of DC-based vaccine

An Innovative Education Experience for Future Foreign Language Teachers

This contribution aims to describe the innovative experience related to the Laboratori e Tirocini di Introduzione alle Metodologie e Tecnologie Didattiche/Teaching Labs, which have been developed since A.Y. 2017/18 as part of the courses in the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Verona. The objective of these Laboratori was to offer a preliminary teacher education experience for students interested in becoming foreign language and literature teachers. The article will first discuss the rationale at the basis of the Laboratori project, also in connection to the importance of introducing language and literature students to the teaching profession, within the strategic priorities identified by the 2021 European Resolution in the field of education and training. The structure of the Laboratori and their characteristics will then be described in detail, highlighting the innovative aspects, in particular with reference to the blended learning approach, the familiarisation with the eTwinning European project, the micro-teaching sessions, as well as the practicum in lower and upper secondary schools. Some qualitative results and future perspectives will finally be discussed, including the developments which have led to the new Teaching Lab: Methodologies, Technologies and Practicum structure

Tumor-derived microvesicles modulate antigen cross-processing via reactive oxygen species-mediated alkalinization of phagosomal compartment in dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the only antigen-presenting cells able to prime naïve T cells and cross-prime antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Their functionality is a requirement for the induction and maintenance of long-lasting cancer immunity. Albeit intensively investigated, the in vivo mechanisms underlying efficient antigen cross-processing and presentation are not fully understood. Several pieces of evidence indicate that antigen transfer to DCs mediated by microvesicles (MVs) enhances antigen immunogenicity. This mechanism is also relevant for cross-presentation of those tumor-associated glycoproteins such as MUC1 that are blocked in HLA class II compartment when internalized by DCs as soluble molecules. Here, we present pieces of evidence that the internalization of tumor-derived MVs modulates antigen-processing machinery of DCs. Employing MVs derived from ovarian cancer ascites fluid and established tumor cell lines, we show that MV uptake modifies DC phagosomal microenvironment, triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and early alkalinization. Indeed, tumor MVs carry radical species and the MV uptake by DCs counteracts the chemically mediated acidification of the phagosomal compartment. Further pieces of evidence suggest that efficacious antigen cross-priming of the MUC1 antigen carried by the tumor MVs results from the early signaling induced by MV internalization and the function of the antigen-processing machinery of DCs. These results strongly support the hypothesis that tumor-derived MVs impact antigen immunogenicity by tuning the antigen-processing machinery of DCs, besides being carrier of tumor antigens. Furthermore, these findings have important implications for the exploitation of MVs as antigenic cell-free immunogen for DC-based therapeutic strategies

Multimorbidity and Hospital Admissions in High-Need, High-Cost Elderly Patients

Objective: The aim was to clarify which pairs or clusters of diseases predict the hospital-related events and death in a population of patients with complex health care needs (PCHCN). Method: Subjects classified in 2012 as PCHCN in a local health unit by ACG\uae (Adjusted Clinical Groups) System were linked with hospital discharge records in 2013 to identify those who experienced any of a series of hospital admission events and death. Number of comorbidities, comorbidities dyads, and latent classes were used as exposure variable. Regression analyses were applied to examine the associations between dependent and exposure variables. Results: Besides the fact that larger number of chronic conditions is associated with higher odds of hospital admission or death, we showed that certain dyads and classes of diseases have a particularly strong association with these outcomes. Discussion: Unlike morbidity counts, analyzing morbidity clusters and dyads reveals which combinations of morbidities are associated with the highest hospitalization rates or death

Un settore di 'Campagna Romana' a rischio di urbanizzazione (Valle Fontana - Valle delle Campanelle; Roma; Italia centrale). Un primo inquadramento finalizzato alla tutela

We carried out a first arrangement (by field study and literature) aimed at developing a local conservation strategy. Direct and indirect evidence were collected for 53 breeding bird species (23 from the original field study), with a significant dominance of the agro-forest species, including species declining at a regional/national level (e.g., Emberiza calandra). The area was recently indicated as the subject of anthropogenic changes by urbanization. In this regard, there is an urgent need for its inclusion in the natural reserve system of RomaNatura Protected Areas