1,054 research outputs found
Exploring the Benefits of Differentially Private Pre-training and Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning for Table Transformers
For machine learning with tabular data, Table Transformer (TabTransformer) is
a state-of-the-art neural network model, while Differential Privacy (DP) is an
essential component to ensure data privacy. In this paper, we explore the
benefits of combining these two aspects together in the scenario of transfer
learning -- differentially private pre-training and fine-tuning of
TabTransformers with a variety of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT)
methods, including Adapter, LoRA, and Prompt Tuning. Our extensive experiments
on the ACSIncome dataset show that these PEFT methods outperform traditional
approaches in terms of the accuracy of the downstream task and the number of
trainable parameters, thus achieving an improved trade-off among parameter
efficiency, privacy, and accuracy. Our code is available at
github.com/IBM/DP-TabTransformer.Comment: submitted to ICASSP 202
Supervised Collective Classification for Crowdsourcing
Crowdsourcing utilizes the wisdom of crowds for collective classification via
information (e.g., labels of an item) provided by labelers. Current
crowdsourcing algorithms are mainly unsupervised methods that are unaware of
the quality of crowdsourced data. In this paper, we propose a supervised
collective classification algorithm that aims to identify reliable labelers
from the training data (e.g., items with known labels). The reliability (i.e.,
weighting factor) of each labeler is determined via a saddle point algorithm.
The results on several crowdsourced data show that supervised methods can
achieve better classification accuracy than unsupervised methods, and our
proposed method outperforms other algorithms.Comment: to appear in IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)
Workshop on Networking and Collaboration Issues for the Internet of
Everythin
Konsep Demokrasi Politik Dalam Islam
Coexistence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with asthma appears to impair asthma control. Type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) respond to the cytokines of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-25 and IL-33, thus contributing to airway diseases such as CRS and asthma. We investigate whether the augmented Th2-cytokines in CRS might be related to sinonasal tract ILC2s corresponding to enhanced IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP release in severe asthmatics, and be involved in asthma control. Twenty-eight asthmatics (12 non-severe and 16 severe) with CRS receiving nasal surgery were enrolled. The predicted FEV1 inversely associated with CRS severity of CT or endoscopy scores. Higher expression of Th2-driven cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13), TSLP, IL-25 and IL-33 in nasal tissues was observed in severe asthma. Severe asthmatics had higher ILC2 cell counts in their nasal tissues. ILC2 counts were positively correlated with Th2-cytokines. Nasal surgery significantly improved asthma control and lung function decline in severe asthma and CRS. The higher expression of IL-33/ILC2 axis-directed type 2 immune responses in nasal tissue of CRS brought the greater decline of lung function in severe asthma. ILC2-induced the upregulated activity of Th2-related cytokines in asthmatics with CRS may contribute to a recalcitrant status of asthma control
CXCL-8 Regulates Head and Neck Carcinoma Progression through NOD Signalling Pathway
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks sixth among the most common cancers in the world. Interlukin-8 (CXCL-8), a major role in inflammatory response and tumor microenvironment, correlates with tumor progression, metastasis and invasion. We explored CXCL-8 promotes tumor progression in different differentiation HNSCC cells. This project would apply to development on biomarker and target in HNSCC as well as provide a basis of early diagnosis and treatment for clinical. CXCL-8, NOD1 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1) and receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK2) levels were detected statistically higher in patient tissue with HNSCC than in non-cancerous matched tissue (NCMT) in the microarray and qRT-PCR study, whereas NOD2 was weakly expressed. Similar results were obtained for CXCL-8, NOD1, NOD2 and RIP2 from RT-PCR and western blotting. High CXCL-8, NOD1 and RIP2 expressions were found on HNSCC patient tissue than that of NCMT, whereas NOD2 was weakly expressed. The analytical results indicate that CXCL-8 is required in NOD 1-mediated signalling pathways in HNSCC
Rethinking Backdoor Attacks on Dataset Distillation: A Kernel Method Perspective
Dataset distillation offers a potential means to enhance data efficiency in
deep learning. Recent studies have shown its ability to counteract backdoor
risks present in original training samples. In this study, we delve into the
theoretical aspects of backdoor attacks and dataset distillation based on
kernel methods. We introduce two new theory-driven trigger pattern generation
methods specialized for dataset distillation. Following a comprehensive set of
analyses and experiments, we show that our optimization-based trigger design
framework informs effective backdoor attacks on dataset distillation. Notably,
datasets poisoned by our designed trigger prove resilient against conventional
backdoor attack detection and mitigation methods. Our empirical results
validate that the triggers developed using our approaches are proficient at
executing resilient backdoor attacks.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
InGaN-based light-emitting diodes with an embedded conical air-voids structure
The conical air-void structure of an InGaN light-emitting diode (LEDs) was formed at the GaN/sapphire interface to increase the light extraction efficiency. The fabrication process of the conical air-void structure consisted of a dry process and a crystallographic wet etching process on an undoped GaN layer, followed by a re-growth process for the InGaN LED structure. A higher light output power (1.54 times) and a small divergent angle (120o) were observed, at a 20mA operation current, on the treated LED structure when compared to a standard LED without the conical air-void structure. In this electroluminescence spectrum, the emission intensity and the peak wavelength varied periodically by corresponding to the conical air-void patterns that were measured through a 100nm-optical-aperture fiber probe. The conical air-void structure reduced the compressed strain at the GaN/sapphire interface by inducing the wavelength blueshift phenomenon and the higher internal quantum efficiency of the photoluminescence spectra for the treated LED structure
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