11,180 research outputs found
P-05 Gender Budgeting and Gender Equality in Europe with historical data during 1994-2013
Gender budgeting and gender equality in Europe plays a crucial role in inequality and development to have enjoyed sustained support. Inequalities have risen in some countries in recent decades due to factors such as globalization, technological change, taxation policy, and the economic crisis (Eurofound, 2022). Therefore, when high levels of inequality reduce growth in relatively poor countries but encourage growth in richer countries (Balls, 1999). This paper aims to examine the impact of gender budgeting processes on gender equality and fiscal space in European countries. Using secondary data research with a 45-item survey that measures participant gender budgeting and equality. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 28. A two-way ANOVA was performed to know how two independent variables, in combinations, affect a dependent variable. The two independent variables (IV) are inequality and development and gender; the variable dependent (DV) is the gender quality measurement score. The IV will show the effect that will happen in DV. The inequity and development (IV1) and gender (IV2) show the changes over the years. The repeated measure shows whether or not there is a statistically significant difference on the main F (1, 45) = 23.531, p =.001, Partial Eta Squared =.354. This shows that there was a statistically significant difference in the gender budgeting and equity variable between at least two groups. Gender budgeting affects gender equity. This study used secondary data research found in the IMF. Future research should use primary data.
There is a significant of main effect between groups, F (1, 45) = 23.531, p =.001, Partial Eta Squared =.354 such that groupeffect inequality (M =.793, SD =.074) had a significantly high than development (M=.281, SD=.075) indicated there\u27s a difference between inequality and development. For groupgender female (M =.793, SD =.074) had a significantly high than development (M=.281, SD=.075) indicating there\u27s a difference between female and male
Cluster-based feedback control of turbulent post-stall separated flows
We propose a novel model-free self-learning cluster-based control strategy
for general nonlinear feedback flow control technique, benchmarked for
high-fidelity simulations of post-stall separated flows over an airfoil. The
present approach partitions the flow trajectories (force measurements) into
clusters, which correspond to characteristic coarse-grained phases in a
low-dimensional feature space. A feedback control law is then sought for each
cluster state through iterative evaluation and downhill simplex search to
minimize power consumption in flight. Unsupervised clustering of the flow
trajectories for in-situ learning and optimization of coarse-grained control
laws are implemented in an automated manner as key enablers. Re-routing the
flow trajectories, the optimized control laws shift the cluster populations to
the aerodynamically favorable states. Utilizing limited number of sensor
measurements for both clustering and optimization, these feedback laws were
determined in only iterations. The objective of the present work is not
necessarily to suppress flow separation but to minimize the desired cost
function to achieve enhanced aerodynamic performance. The present control
approach is applied to the control of two and three-dimensional separated flows
over a NACA 0012 airfoil with large-eddy simulations at an angle of attack of
, Reynolds number and free-stream Mach number . The optimized control laws effectively minimize the flight power
consumption enabling the flows to reach a low-drag state. The present work aims
to address the challenges associated with adaptive feedback control design for
turbulent separated flows at moderate Reynolds number.Comment: 32 pages, 18 figure
Anisotropic second-order nonlinearities of organic monolayers.
Monolayers prepared from hemicyanine chromophores of high second-order nonlinearity (β=1.3×10−26 esu at resonance) have been used to study anisotropies of the concomitant χ(2)-susceptibility tensor. All components of this third-rank tensor have been determined by Fourier analysis of the anisotropic coverage density Ns(φ) with respect to the angle of rotation about surface normal. Depending on the preparation both Cs and C2v symmetry could be identified
Models of Social Groups in Blogosphere Based on Information about Comment Addressees and Sentiments
This work concerns the analysis of number, sizes and other characteristics of
groups identified in the blogosphere using a set of models identifying social
relations. These models differ regarding identification of social relations,
influenced by methods of classifying the addressee of the comments (they are
either the post author or the author of a comment on which this comment is
directly addressing) and by a sentiment calculated for comments considering the
statistics of words present and connotation. The state of a selected blog
portal was analyzed in sequential, partly overlapping time intervals. Groups in
each interval were identified using a version of the CPM algorithm, on the
basis of them, stable groups, existing for at least a minimal assumed duration
of time, were identified.Comment: Gliwa B., Ko\'zlak J., Zygmunt A., Models of Social Groups in
Blogosphere Based on Information about Comment Addressees and Sentiments, in
the K. Aberer et al. (Eds.): SocInfo 2012, LNCS 7710, pp. 475-488, Best Paper
Awar
Concentration for Trotter error
Quantum simulation is expected to be one of the key applications of future
quantum computers. Product formulas, or Trotterization, are the oldest and,
still today, an appealing method for quantum simulation. For an accurate
product formula approximation in the spectral norm, the state-of-the-art gate
complexity depends on the number of Hamiltonian terms and a certain 1-norm of
its local terms. This work studies the concentration aspects of Trotter error:
we prove that, typically, the Trotter error exhibits 2-norm (i.e., incoherent)
scaling; the current estimate with 1-norm (i.e., coherent) scaling is for the
worst cases. For k-local Hamiltonians and higher-order product formulas, we
obtain gate count estimates for input states drawn from a 1-design ensemble
(e.g., computational basis states). Our gate count depends on the number of
Hamiltonian terms but replaces the 1-norm quantity by its analog in 2-norm,
giving significant speedup for systems with large connectivity. Our results
generalize to Hamiltonians with Fermionic terms and when the input state is
drawn from a low-particle number subspace. Further, when the Hamiltonian itself
has Gaussian coefficients (e.g., the SYK models), we show the stronger result
that the 2-norm behavior persists even for the worst input state. Our main
technical tool is a family of simple but versatile inequalities from
non-commutative martingales called uniform smoothness. We use them to derive
Hypercontractivity, namely p-norm estimates for low-degree polynomials, which
implies concentration via Markov's inequality. In terms of optimality, we give
examples that simultaneously match our p-norm bounds and the spectral norm
bounds. Therefore, our improvement is due to asking a qualitatively different
question from the spectral norm bounds. Our results give evidence that product
formulas in practice may generically work much better than expected.Comment: 43 pages, 1 figur
Fast Thermalization from the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis
The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) has played a major role in
explaining thermodynamic phenomena in closed quantum systems. However, no
connection has been known between ETH and the timescale of thermalization for
open system dynamics. This paper rigorously shows that ETH indeed implies fast
thermalization to the global Gibbs state. We show fast convergence for two
models of thermalization. In the first, the system is weakly coupled to a bath
of quasi-free Fermions that we routinely refresh. We derive a finite-time
version of Davies' generator, with explicit error bounds and resource
estimates, that describes the joint evolution. The second is Quantum Metropolis
Sampling, a quantum algorithm for preparing Gibbs states on a quantum computer.
In both cases, no guarantee for fast convergence was previously known for
non-commuting Hamiltonians, partly due to technical issues with a finite energy
resolution. The critical feature of ETH we exploit is that operators in the
energy basis can be modeled by independent random matrices in a near-diagonal
band. We show this gives quantum expander at nearby eigenstates of the
Hamiltonian. This then implies fast convergence to the global Gibbs state by
mapping the problem to a one-dimensional classical random walk on the energy
eigenstates. Our results explain finite-time thermalization in chaotic open
quantum systems and suggest an alternative formulation of ETH in terms of
quantum expanders, which we investigate numerically for small systems.Comment: 76 pages, 14 figures. Corrections in v2 for the system-bath joint
evolutio
Signature of superconducting states in cubic crystal without inversion symmetry
The effects of absence of inversion symmetry on superconducting states are
investigated theoretically. In particular we focus on the noncentrosymmetric
compounds which have the cubic symmetry like LiPtB. An appropriate
and isotropic spin-orbital interaction is added in the Hamiltonian and it acts
like a magnetic monopole in the momentum space. The consequent pairing
wavefunction has an additional triplet component in the pseudospin space, and a
Zeeman magnetic field can induce a collinear supercurrent
with a coefficient . The effects of anisotropy embedded in the cubic
symmetry and the nodal superconducting gap function on are also
considered. From the macroscopic perspectives, the pair of mutually induced
and magnetization can affect the distribution of magnetic
field in such noncentrosymmetric superconductors, which is studied through
solving the Maxwell equation in the Meissner geometry as well as the case of a
single vortex line. In both cases, magnetic fields perpendicular to the
external ones emerge as a signature of the broken symmetry.Comment: 16 pages in pre-print forma
A General Phase Matching Condition for Quantum Searching Algorithm
A general consideration on the phase rotations in quantum searching algorithm
is taken in this work. As four phase rotations on the initial state, the marked
states, and the states orthogonal to them are taken account, we deduce a phase
matching condition for a successful search. The optimal options for these phase
are obtained consequently.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure
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