Randomized trial of a teleconference-delivered fatigue management program for people with multiple sclerosis

Background. Previous studies support the efficacy and effectiveness of face-to-face group-based fatigue management education for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, many people are unable to access these programs due to environmental barriers. Objectives. To test the efficacy and effectiveness of a group-based, teleconference-delivered fatigue management program for people with MS. Methods. A randomly allocated two-group time series design with a wait-list control group was used. One hundred and ninety participants were allocated (94 intervention, 96 wait list control). Primary outcomes (fatigue impact, fatigue severity, health-related quality of life [HRQoL]) were measured before, immediately after, at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post. Secondary outcome (self-efficacy) was measured at the same points. Effectiveness (intent-to-treat) and efficacy (per protocol) analyses were conducted. Results. The program was more effective and efficacious than control for reducing fatigue impact but not fatigue severity. Before and after comparisons with the pooled sample demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness for fatigue impact, fatigue severity, and 6 of 8 HRQoL dimensions. Changes were maintained for 6 months with small to moderate effect sizes. Conclusion. The results offer strong support for the viability of teleconference delivered fatigue management education for enabling people with MS to manage this disabling symptom

Baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of study population.

*<p>Categorical values are presented as number (percentage); continuous variables as mean ± standard deviation.</p>†<p>Echocardiographic data was available in 233 patients.</p><p>COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LV = left ventricular; RLS = restless legs syndrome.</p

Univariate and multivariate predictors of atrial fibrillation progression.

<p>CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.</p

Polysomnographic variables of study population.

*<p>Categorical values are presented as number (percentage); continuous variables as mean ± standard deviation.</p><p>AHI = apnea-hypopnea index; REM = rapid eye movement; TST = total sleep time.</p

MOESM3 of Vascular-targeted TNFα and IFNγ inhibits orthotopic colorectal tumor growth

Additional file 3: Fig. S3. Antitumor activity of IFNγ and TCP-1/IFNγ at different dose in the orthotopic CRC model. (A) Picture of the tumors after 7 day treatment (n ≥ 2 per group). (B) Relative tumor mass at the end of experiment. TCP-1/IFNγ at 5 μg/mouse significantly decreased tumor volume. *P < 0.05

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原著和名: [記載なし]科名: = unknown採集地: 台湾 台北植物園 (台湾省 台北植物園)採集日: 1968/3/1採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH049053国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-99323

MOESM5 of Vascular-targeted TNFα and IFNγ inhibits orthotopic colorectal tumor growth

Additional file 5: Fig. S5. TCP-1/TNFα or TCP-1/IFNγ did not induce infiltration of macrophages, NK cells, granulocytes or B cells into the tumor. (A) Flow cytometry of CD68+ cell showing the number of macrophage in the spleen and tumor. (B) Immunohistochemistry staining of CD335+ NK cells in the tumor. (C) Immunofluorescence staining of Ly6G and CD19 showing the granulocytes and B cells in the tumor respectively

MOESM6 of Vascular-targeted TNFα and IFNγ inhibits orthotopic colorectal tumor growth

Additional file 6: Fig. S6. Western blot result of autophagy and senescence markers and apoptosis inhibitors. (A) TCP-1/TNFα and TCP-1/IFNγ alone or in combination did not affect the expression of autophagy markers including LC3B and p62 and senescence markers including p53, cyclin E or CDK2 in the tumor. (B) Western blot result of autophagy and senescence markers in colon 26 cells treated with TNFα and IFNγ alone or in combination at 6 and 24 h post treatment. No effect on the autophagy and senescence markers or apoptosis inhibitor including XIAP and c-IAP-1 was found. C: control, T: TNFα, I: IFNγ, TT: TCP-1/TNFα, TI: TCP-1/IFNγ