14 research outputs found
Role of amino acids in halotolerant Aspergillus repens
Attempts have been made earlier to understand the mechanisms of osmoregulation and the ability ot adapt to fluctuations in the external osmolarity (Ben-Amotz and Avron 1983. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 37:95-119, Csonka 1989. Microbiol. Rev. 53:121-147). Various strategies have been adopted by the cells in order to survive and proliferate in the presence of reduced water activity, including accumulation of carbohydrates. amino acids and quaternary ammonium compounds (Measures 1975. Nature 257:398-400, Brown et al. 1972. J. Gen. Microbiol. 72:589-591, Dannibier et al. 1988. Arch. Microbiol. 150:348-357). In the present study, attempts were made to investigate the role of amino acids that accumulate intracellularly in halotolerant Aspergillus repens under salt stress condition
Phosphate mediated changes in phospholipids in Neurospora crassa.
Phosphate mediated changes in phospholipids in Neurospora crassa
Regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase under salt-stress condition in Aspergillus sydowii.
Physiological responses of organisms to particular stresses are well understood in only a few cases (Bachofen, R. 1986 Experientia 42:1179-1182
Phosphate mediated changes in fatty acid composition in Neurospora crassa.
Phosphate mediated changes in fatty acid composition in Neurospora crassa
Phosphate mediated regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in Neurospora crassa
Phosphate mediated regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in Neurospora crass
Full Length Research Paper - Activity staining method of chitinase on chitin agar plate through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
A method for detection of chitinase activity on chitin agar plate after
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is described. Different staining
dyes such as calcofluor white M2R, fluorescein isothiocyanate,
rhodamine B, ruthenium red and congo red were separately incorporated
in chitin agar plates. After running polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis, the gel was transferred onto chitin agar plate
containing different dyes for the activity staining. Thin layer of
acetate buffer (0.2 M, pH 5) was pored on the gel, which helps faster
diffusion of the enzyme from gel onto the plate. After incubation of
about 7 h, bands of chitinase were visible by daylight or UV light. The
method is very sensitive since it can detect even 0.5 units of
chitinase. Thus, this method is sensitive, rapid, user-friendly,
reliable and cost effective
Formulation of medium constituents by multiresponse analysis of central composite design to enhance chitinase production in <i>Pantoea dispersa</i>
1123-1131In the present study, a high chitinase
producing strain Pantoea dispersa was isolated from the sea dumps at Bhavnagar, India.
Chitin, urea, CaCl2 and MgSO4.7H2O were
variables used in central composite design for chitinase production. Chitinase,
biomass and pH were the responses used in different models to evaluate individually
fit ones. Quadratic model
was found to be fit for chitinase response
whereas in the case of biomass and pH, linear model was found to be fit
without the effect of others. Chitinase production was optimized with respect
to other responses such as biomass and pH in multiresponse analysis of
response surface design by using desirability approach. In multiresponse analysis,
following medium formulation (g/l), chitin, 15; urea, 0.32; CaCl2, 0.10
and MgSO4.7H2O, 0.08 was found to predict optimum chitinase
production of 482.77 units/ml with overall highest desirability of 0.854 as compared
to other formulation s. The selection of model was done on the basis of hi gh Adjusted
R-squared value and lowered p-value for each model in individual analysis
of
each response. In multiresponse experiment,
it was found that for response chitinase quadratic model and for responses pH
and biomass linear models were well fit. Through desirability analysis, it was found
that in the chitinase production, pH was essential as compared to biomass
in P. dispersa. Endochitinase and chitobiase actvities were also studied
Isolation and identification of marine chitinolytic bacteria and their potential in antifungal biocontrol
715-720Chitinolytic marine bacterial strains
(30) were isolated from the sea dumps at Bhavnagar,
India. They
were screened as chitinase producers on the basis of zone of clearance on
chitin agar plates incorporated with calcofluor white M2R for the better
resolution. Out of these, three strains namely, Pseudomonas sp., Pantoea
dispersa and Enterobacter amnigenus
showed high chitinase production. They
were also found to produce proteases and therefore have a good potential for
use as antifungal biocontrol agents for the control of fungal plant pathogens. These
strains could degrade and utilize the mycelia of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi)
Goidanich and Fusarium sp. In vitro, these strains could
inhibit the growth of Fusarium sp. and M. phaseolina. The culture
filtrate inhibiting hyphal elongation was observed microscopically
Review - Bioprospecting and antifungal potential of chitinolytic microorganisms
Fungal plant diseases are one of the major concerns to agricultural
food production world wide. Soil borne pathogenic fungi such as
Pythium, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Phytopthora attack most of the
economically important crop plants (either through seed root before
germination or seedling after germination) resulting in loss of
billions of dollars. Moreover, the management of chitinous waste is
also pressing need today. Mycolytic enzymes (chitinases, proteases and
glucanase) producing microorganisms may help in solving these problems.
These microorganisms have ability to lyse the fungal cell wall and also
have the potential to manage the chitinous waste by producing
chitinases. Many chitinolytic microorganisms have potential to control
fungal plant pathogens but they are not fully successful in all the
cases due to different geological and environmental conditions. Thus,
bioprospecting to find novel, highly chitinolytic microorganisms which
help in developing potential biocontrol agent. Furthermore, to increase
the survivability of biocontrol agents, a formulation may also be
necessary. This review is focused on the progress of chitinase genes,
chitinolytic microorganisms and their diversity as well as formulation
of chitinolytic producers which have the potential to control fungal
plant pathogen