Intra-spinal epidural leakage of bone cement during vertebroplasty of an osteoporotic vertebral fracture: case report and review of literature

Vertebral fractures are one of the most common complications of osteoporosis. Prolonged and intractable pain leads to immobilization and significant morbidity. Vertebroplasty is designed primarily to relieve pain, and the procedure is considered when osteoporotic vertebral fracture does not respond to a reasonable period of conservative care. Vertebroplasty has a low complication rate with most common complication being adjacent vertebral body fracture and rare complication due to extra-vertebral cement leakage causing nerve root compression or pulmonary embolism. We report a case of 55 year old lady with osteoporotic D12 wedge compression fracture subjected to vertebroplasty resulting in intraspinal cement leakage noticed intra-operatively. Patient underwent immediate decompression, cement extraction and posterior instrumentation. Postoperative course was uneventful

Is Lipid Specificity Key to the Potential Antiviral Activity of Mouthwash Reagent Chlorhexidine against SARS-CoV-2?

Chlorhexidine (CHX), a popular antibacterial drug, is widely used for oral health. Emerging pieces of evidence suggest that commercially available chlorhexidine mouthwash formulations are effective in suppressing the spread of SARS-CoV-2, possibly through destabilization of the viral lipid envelope. CHX is known for its membrane-active properties; however, the molecular mechanism revealing how it damages the viral lipid envelope is yet to be understood. Here we used extensive conventional and umbrella sampling simulations to quantify the effects of CHX on model membranes mimicking the composition of the SARS-CoV-2 outer lipid membrane as well as the host plasma membrane. Our results show that the lipid composition and physical properties of the membrane play an important role in binding and insertion, with CHX binding favorably to the viral membrane over the plasma membrane. Among the simulated lipids, CHX preferentially binds to anionic lipids, PS and PI, which are more concentrated in the viral membrane. The deeper and stable binding of CHX to the viral membrane results in more pronounced swelling of the membrane laterally with a thinning of the bilayer. The overall free energies of pore formation are strongly reduced for the viral membrane compared to the plasma membrane; however, CHX has a larger concentration-dependent effect on free energies of pore formation in the plasma membrane than the viral membrane. The results indicate that CHX is less toxic to the human plasma membrane at low concentrations. Our simulations reveal that CHX facilitates pore formation by the combination of thinning the membrane and accumulation at the water defect. This study provides insights into the mechanism underlying the anti-SARS-CoV-2 potency of CHX, supporting its potential for application as an effective and safe oral rinse agent for preventing viral transmission

How long does treated supracondylar humerus fracture in children take to recover elbow range?

Background: Our goal was to address requirement of physiotherapy after treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures in children and evaluate result of casting on elbow without injury using control group of distal forearm fractures.Methods: 57 cases of supracondylar fractures were included in this retrospective study and compared with group of 54 children with distal forearm fractures treated with long arm casting for 28 days. Passive elbow ROM was checked with goniometer on day of cast removal, 2 weeks later, and then every month until the elbow ROM returned to 95% ROM (ROM-95) of uninjured side. No physiotherapy was given.Results: Average time in cast for supracondylar fracture group was 31.8 days and distal forearm fracture group was 32.4 days. The elbow total flexion angle reached a plateau of 139 degrees at 1month after cast removal whereas forearm group required less than 2 weeks. Total rotation ROM required half the time to reach 139 degrees in forearm group. From the paired t test it took more time for pronation to recover than supination in supracondylar fractures. In supracondylar group there was positive correlation between casting period and recovery period of ROM-95 elbow extension (p=0.021) and days of casting (p=0.021) and ROM-95 flexion recovery period. There was no statistically significant impact between casting and recovery period in other directions and recovery of ROM-95 & F-ROM and the subclassification and type of treatment of individual fractures.Conclusions: Lessons learned: thorough assessment of elbow function post cast removal, lack of need of physiotherapy in management protocol and elbow stiffness is related to initial injury and associated treatment not merely immobilisation

Evolution of an ultracold gas in a non-Abelian gauge fields: Finite temperature effect

We detail the cooling mechanisms of a Fermionic strontium-87 gas in order to study its evolution under a non-Abelian gauge field. In contrast to our previous work reported in Ref. [1], we emphasize here on the finite temperature effect of the gas. In addition, we provide the detail characterization for the efficiency of atoms loading in the cross-dipole trap, the quantitative performance of the evaporative cooling, and the characterization of a degenerate Fermi gas using a Thomas-Fermi distribution.Comment: Published version in 7 pages with 8 figure

Implementation of machine learning model-based decision support system for healthcare professionals to predict T2DM risk using heart rate variability features

240-249Non-invasive early diabetes prediction has been gaining much premarkable over the last decade. Heart rate variability (HRV) is the only non-invasive technique that can predict the future occurrence of the disease. Early prediction of diabetes can help doctors start an early intervention. To this end, the authors have developed a computational machine learning model to predict type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk using heart rate variability features and have evaluated its robustness against the HRV of 50 patients data. The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal of the control population (n=40) and T2DM population (n=120) have been recorded in the supine position for 5 minutes, and HRV signals have been obtained. The time domain, frequency domain, and non-linear features have been extracted from the HRV signal. A decision support system has been developed based on a machine learning algorithm. Finally, the decision support system has been validated using the HRV features of 50 patients (Control n=10 and T2DM n=40). HRV features are selected for the prediction of T2DM. The decision support system has been designed using three machine learning models: Gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), Extreme Gradient boosting (XGBoost), Categorical boosting (CatBoost), and their performance have been evaluated based on the Accuracy (ACC), Sensitivity (SEN), Specificity (SPC), Positive predicted value (PPV), Negative predicted value (NPV), False-positive rate (FPR), False-negative rate (FNR), F1 score, and Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) metrics. The CatBoost model offers the best performance outcomes, and its results have been validated on 50 patients. Thus the CatBoost model can be use as a decision support system in hospitals to predict the risk of T2DM

Design And Analysis of Aircraft Wing

This research develops and analyses a general aviation plane. A preliminary representation of the eventual product is used to start the design process for an airplane. Based on a drawing, a design mission profile is utilized to determine the weight. A more advanced approach is used to estimate weight, which employs calculated performance criteria to produce a more exact weight estimate. The wing design has been demonstrated to be a feasible alternative for a similar general aviation aircraft. When traveling through air or other fluids, a wing is a type of fin that provides lift. Airfoils may be observed on the wings, which have a streamlined cross-section, as a result of this. The lift created by a wing is compared to the drag generated by it to determine its aerodynamic efficiency

Synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of new quinoline analogues as potent anti-breast cancer and antibacterial agents

A new class of quinoline analogues have been synthesized from isatin through two steps in good yields. They have been further evaluated for their anticancer activity against a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus 6538p and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). All synthesized compounds have been confirmed by spectral characterization viz. FT-IR, MS, HPLC, 1H and 13C NMR. Among them, compound 4h exhibits promising anti-breast cancer activity whereas compounds 4d, 4f, 4h and 4j exhibit moderate antibacterial activity against all the tested organisms. Molecular docking analysis demonstrates the interaction of compound 4h with the active site amino acid of Human Carbonic Anhydrase I, Protein Kinase A and Kinesin Spindle Protein (KSP).

Synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of new quinoline analogues as potent anti-breast cancer and antibacterial agents

1215-1222A new class of quinoline analogues have been synthesized from isatin through two steps in good yields. They have been further evaluated for their anticancer activity against a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus 6538p and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). All synthesized compounds have been confirmed by spectral characterization viz. FT-IR, MS, HPLC, 1H and 13C NMR. Among them, compound 4h exhibits promising anti-breast cancer activity whereas compounds 4d, 4f, 4h and 4j exhibit moderate antibacterial activity against all the tested organisms. Molecular docking analysis demonstrates the interaction of compound 4h with the active site amino acid of Human Carbonic Anhydrase I, Protein Kinase A and Kinesin Spindle Protein (KSP)

Is Lipid Specificity Key to the Potential Antiviral Activity of Mouthwash Reagent Chlorhexidine against SARS-CoV-2?

Chlorhexidine (CHX), a popular antibacterial drug, is widely used for oral health. Emerging pieces of evidence suggest that commercially available chlorhexidine mouthwash formulations are effective in suppressing the spread of SARS-CoV-2, possibly through destabilization of the viral lipid envelope. CHX is known for its membrane-active properties; however, the molecular mechanism revealing how it damages the viral lipid envelope is yet to be understood. Here we used extensive conventional and umbrella sampling simulations to quantify the effects of CHX on model membranes mimicking the composition of the SARS-CoV-2 outer lipid membrane as well as the host plasma membrane. Our results show that the lipid composition and physical properties of the membrane play an important role in binding and insertion, with CHX binding favorably to the viral membrane over the plasma membrane. Among the simulated lipids, CHX preferentially binds to anionic lipids, PS and PI, which are more concentrated in the viral membrane. The deeper and stable binding of CHX to the viral membrane results in more pronounced swelling of the membrane laterally with a thinning of the bilayer. The overall free energies of pore formation are strongly reduced for the viral membrane compared to the plasma membrane; however, CHX has a larger concentration-dependent effect on free energies of pore formation in the plasma membrane than the viral membrane. The results indicate that CHX is less toxic to the human plasma membrane at low concentrations. Our simulations reveal that CHX facilitates pore formation by the combination of thinning the membrane and accumulation at the water defect. This study provides insights into the mechanism underlying the anti-SARS-CoV-2 potency of CHX, supporting its potential for application as an effective and safe oral rinse agent for preventing viral transmission