Growth Data from Sections of Acer saccharum

Nine sections of Acer saccharum were cut in 1940, following logging operations on the Albert Smith farm 13 miles southwest of Crawfordsville and about 3 miles east of Alamo, Indiana. Rainfall data were secured from the U.S. Weather Bureau Station which is located at Crawfordsville approximately 13 miles northeast from the forest in which the trees grew. Unfortunately, the rainfall data are not complete from 1884 through 1910; consequently, no growth-rainfall correlation could be determined for those years. Rainfall behavior charts were prepared for the rainfall periods May-August, May-June, May-July, June-July and June-August

The effect of precipitation on annular-ring growth in three species of trees from Brown County, Indiana

The present study is an attempt to determine what rainfall periods show the highest degree of correlation with growth in three species of deciduous trees from Brown County, Indiana, and to determine which area of the tree, i.e., the top or the bottom, gives the closest growth-rainfall correlation.Fuller has shown that there is a close correlation between precipitation for the calendar year in Illinois and increase in diameter in Quercus borealis maxima as shown by thickness of its annual growth rings. Kleine, Potzger, and Friesner, using 11 trees of Quercus alba, 17 of Quecrcus montana, 16 of Quercus velutina, and 9 of Quercus borealis maxima, found a correlation between annual growth and rainfall for the months June, July and August. This work, as in the present study, was done on sites with considerable relief and hence subject to excessive run-off

Alien Registration- Lofstad, Chester W. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/31283/thumbnail.jp

Alien Registration- Rosencrantz, Chester W. (Baldwin, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/32869/thumbnail.jp

The Influence of Hexamethylenetetramine and Formaldehyde on the Rheological Behavior of Casein Base Coating Colors

The experimental work presented in this thesis shows the effects of formaldehyde and hexamethylenetetramine on the flow characteristics of coating colors formulated with casein as an adhesive. All experiments were performed at room temperature. In general, the pH has marked effect upon viscosity of the coating colors: the higher the pH value, the more viscous the coating color. Furthermore, formaldehyde reacted faster with proteinaceous coating colors than hexamine. Specifically, coating colors containing four per cent hexamine showed little change in viscosity and flow behavior while coating colors at the neutral pH value of seven containing eight per cent hexamine showed significant changes in viscosity and rheological behavior in storage over a period of several weeks. The coating colors at alkaline pH values in the eight per cent hexamine series showed little change in viscosity and flow behavior after six weeks. Finally, coating colors containing formaldehyde were very reactive showing viscosity increases for all pH values. After a period of two weeks, the flow behavior changed from practically Newtonian to thixotropic-pseudoplastic at pH values of seven and eight while coating colors at pH value of nine were initially thixotropic-pseudoplastic and became increasingly thixotropic in storage. The colors at pH value of ten were initially thixotropic-plastic and became increasingly thixotropic in storage

A Limited Habitable Zone for Complex Life

The habitable zone (HZ) is commonly defined as the range of distances from a host star within which liquid water, a key requirement for life, may exist on a planet's surface. Substantially more CO2 than present in Earth's modern atmosphere is required to maintain clement temperatures for most of the HZ, with several bars required at the outer edge. However, most complex aerobic life on Earth is limited by CO2 concentrations of just fractions of a bar. At the same time, most exoplanets in the traditional HZ reside in proximity to M dwarfs, which are more numerous than Sun-like G dwarfs but are predicted to promote greater abundances of gases that can be toxic in the atmospheres of orbiting planets, such as carbon monoxide (CO). Here we show that the HZ for complex aerobic life is likely limited relative to that for microbial life. We use a 1D radiative-convective climate and photochemical models to circumscribe a Habitable Zone for Complex Life (HZCL) based on known toxicity limits for a range of organisms as a proof of concept. We find that for CO2 tolerances of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 bar, the HZCL is only 21%, 32%, and 50% as wide as the conventional HZ for a Sun-like star, and that CO concentrations may limit some complex life throughout the entire HZ of the coolest M dwarfs. These results cast new light on the likely distribution of complex life in the universe and have important ramifications for the search for exoplanet biosignatures and technosignatures.Comment: Revised including additional discussion. Published Gold OA in ApJ. 9 pages, 5 figures, 5 table