THE SURVIVAL OF Salmonella typhimurium IN WHOLE CHICKENS COOKED IN SLOW COOKER

Fresh whole roasting chickens were inoculated with a culture containing 2 .5 x 105 Salmonella typhimurium. Water or tomato sauce was added, and the chickens were cooked for six hours at the low temperature setting of the slow cooker . The pH of the sauce or broth was determined before and after cooking. At the end of the cooking period , samples were taken to determine whether any organisms survived the cooking process . The slow cooker was effective in destroying the Salmonella typhimurium on the chickens . None were detected at the end of the cooking period . Tests to determine the survival time of the organism on the chickens showed that the Salmonellae were destroyed at ·a lower temperature in the chickens wit h tomato sauce than in the chickens cooked with water. The low pH of the tomato sauce apparently aided in destruct ion of the organism

An Empirical Comparison of Consumer Innovation Adoption Models: Implications for Subsistence Marketplaces

So called “pro-poor” innovations may improve consumer wellbeing in subsistence marketplaces. However, there is little research that integrates the area with the vast literature on innovation adoption. Using a questionnaire where respondents were asked to provide their evaluations about a mobile banking innovation, this research fills this gap by providing empirical evidence of the applicability of existing innovation adoption models in subsistence marketplaces. The study was conducted in Bangladesh among a geographically dispersed sample. The data collected allowed an empirical comparison of models in a subsistence context. The research reveals the most useful models in this context to be the Value Based Adoption Model and the Consumer Acceptance of Technology model. In light of these findings and further examination of the model comparison results the research also shows that consumers in subsistence marketplaces are not just motivated by functionality and economic needs. If organizations cannot enhance the hedonic attributes of a pro-poor innovation, and reduce the internal/external constraints related to adoption of that pro-poor innovation, then adoption intention by consumers will be lower

Search for gravitational-lensing signatures in the full third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network

Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions of gravitational wave-signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO--Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by 1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, 2) calculating the degree of overlap amongst the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, 3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms amongst pairs of signals, and 4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by 1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and 2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the non-detection of gravitational-wave lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects

The value of achievement and responses to the work environment

The value of achievement has long been thought to relate to job performance; however, we still do not fully understand the process through which this occurs. The present study examined the relationship between achievement and responses to the work environment. Five-hundred-twenty- four sales and service agents at a major firm in the transportation industry participated in the study. Achievement was positively related to perceptions of the work environment, satisfaction with intrinsic aspects of the job, job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and performance. The findings suggest that achievement may serve as a “lens” through which the work environment is viewed

Situational constraints on the achievement - performance relationship: A service sector study

The present study sought to extend our knowledge of the relationship between work values and job performance. Situational constraints were examined as moderators of the relationship between the value of achievement and performance in a service-sector field setting. In the present setting sales promotions removed situational constraints on performance during three of the six time periods examined. In general, average levels of performance were higher and there was greater variance in performance when situational constraints were removed Situational constraints moderated the relationship between the value of achievement and objective performance dimensions, although effect sizes were modest. Further, the present study adds to the small group of studies that have found a direct relationship between achievement and performance in a field setting. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

The value of achievement and responses to the work environment

The value of achievement has long been thought to relate to job performance; however, we still do not fully understand the process through which this occurs. The present study examined the relationship between achievement and responses to the work environment. Five-hundred-twenty- four sales and service agents at a major firm in the transportation industry participated in the study. Achievement was positively related to perceptions of the work environment, satisfaction with intrinsic aspects of the job, job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and performance. The findings suggest that achievement may serve as a “lens” through which the work environment is viewed

Situational constraints on the achievement - performance relationship: A service sector study

The present study sought to extend our knowledge of the relationship between work values and job performance. Situational constraints were examined as moderators of the relationship between the value of achievement and performance in a service-sector field setting. In the present setting sales promotions removed situational constraints on performance during three of the six time periods examined. In general, average levels of performance were higher and there was greater variance in performance when situational constraints were removed Situational constraints moderated the relationship between the value of achievement and objective performance dimensions, although effect sizes were modest. Further, the present study adds to the small group of studies that have found a direct relationship between achievement and performance in a field setting. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

THE CHALLENGES OF BUSINESS OWNERSHIP: A COMPARISON OF MINORITY AND NON-MINORITY WOMEN BUSINESS OWNERS

ABSTRACT Women business owners often face a different set of challenges than those faced by male business owners. Among women business owners, minority women may face a different set of challenges than their non-minority counterparts. Both the actual challenges and the perceptions of such challenges may impact business practices and decisions. The present paper compares the perceptions of challenges faced by minority and non-minority women business owners. We found that minority women business owners often perceived that they faced greater challenges than did non-minority women business owners, even when factors such as the size of the business and the owner's age and education were controlled