45 research outputs found
Tritium label in studying sorption of humic substances by carbon-based nanomaterials
Sorption capacity of single-walled carbon nanotubes, detonated nanodiamonds and graphene to humic substances was studied by radiotracer method. Tritium labeled brown coal humic acids and fulvic acids separated from Suwannee River were used as sorbates. Adsorption isotherms were described by Langmuir equation. It was found that, for all tested carbon-based nanomaterials, adsorption of coal humic acids is higher than of river fulvic acids. Adsorption capacity of nanomaterials in attitude to humic substances was changed in the order, nanodiamonds < single-walled nanotubes < graphene. Composites of humic substances with carbon-based nanomaterials were subjected to dynamic light scattering analysis
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Autofluorescence guided welding of heart tissue by laser pulse bursts at 1550 nm
Wound healing and other surgical technologies traditionally solved by suturing and stapling have recently been enhanced by the application of laser tissue welding. The usage of high energy laser radiation to anastomose tissues eliminates a foreign body reaction, reduces scar formation, and allows for the creation of watertight closure. In the current work, we show that an ultrafast pulsed fibre laser beam with 183 ĀµJĀ·cmā2 energy fluence at 1550 nm provides successful welding of dissected chicken heart walls with the tensile strength of 1.03Ā±0.12 kgĀ·cmā2 equal to that of native tissue. The welding process was monitored employing fluorescence spectroscopy that detects the biochemical composition of tissues. We believe that fluorescence spectroscopy guided laser tissue welding is a promising approach for decreasing wound healing times and the avoiding risks of postoperative complications
Autofluorescence guided welding of heart tissue by laser pulse bursts at 1550 nm
Wound healing and other surgical technologies traditionally solved by suturing and stapling have recently been enhanced by the application of laser tissue welding. The usage of high energy laser radiation to anastomose tissues eliminates a foreign body reaction, reduces scar formation, and allows for the creation of watertight closure. In the current work, we show that an ultrafast pulsed fibre laser beam with 183 ĀµJĀ·cmā2 energy fluence at 1550 nm provides successful welding of dissected chicken heart walls with the tensile strength of 1.03Ā±0.12 kgĀ·cmā2 equal to that of native tissue. The welding process was monitored employing fluorescence spectroscopy that detects the biochemical composition of tissues. We believe that fluorescence spectroscopy guided laser tissue welding is a promising approach for decreasing wound healing times and the avoiding risks of postoperative complications
Single-shot interferometric measurement of pulse-to-pulse stability of absolute phase using a time-stretch technique
Measurement of the absolute phase of ultrashort optical pulses in real-time is crucial for various applications, including frequency comb and high-field physics. Modern single-shot techniques, such as dispersive Fourier transform and time-lens, make it possible to investigate non-repetitive spectral dynamics of ultrashort pulses yet do not provide the information on absolute phase. In this work, we demonstrate a novel approach to characterise single-shot pulse-to-pulse stability of the absolute phase with the acquisition rate of 15 MHz. The acquisition rate, limited by the repetition rate of the used free-running mode-locked Erbium-doped fibre laser, substantially exceeds one of the traditional techniques. The method is based on the time-stretch technique. It exploits a simple all-fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometric setup with a remarkable resolution of ā¼7.3 mrad. Using the proposed method, we observed phase oscillations in the output pulses governed by fluctuations in the pulse intensity due to Kerr-induced self-phase modulation at frequencies peaked at 4.6 kHz. As a proof-of-concept application of the demonstrated interferometric methodology, we evaluated phase behaviour during vibration exposure on the laser platform. The results propose a new view on the phase measurements that provide a novel avenue for numerous sensing applications with MHz data frequencies
Pulse-onset dynamics in a bidirectional mode-locked fibre laser via instabilities
Real-time observation of the emergence of coherent structures from noise via instabilities is of particular interest across disciplines ranging from biology to astrophysics. In the context of photonics, ultrafast fibre lasers provide an ideal test-bed for experimental observation of dynamical instabilities and generation of coherent structures of ultrashort pulses. Here we present experimentally obtained switch-on dynamics of counter-propagating ultrashort pulses in a bidirectional mode-locked fibre laser with delayed pulse formation via Q-switched and modulation instabilities, pronounced central wavelength drift, with the multiple-pulse formation. We define a localisation parameter using the round-trip resolved autocorrelation function to quantify the extent of the pulse formation, indicating an energy interchange between coherent features and background radiation. Furthermore, we report the formation of synchronised and unsynchronised dispersion waves. Our results reveal the complexity of the establishment of coherent features and their interaction with background radiation, contributing further towards the understanding of nonlinear systems in general
Ultrafast Gyroscopic Measurements in a Passive AllāFiber MachāZehnder Interferometer via TimeāStretch Technique
Almost all inertial navigation systems rely on optical gyroscopes, operating on the Sagnac effect. Laser gyroscopes demonstrate high precision in demanding applications such as seismology and geodesy. Passive optical gyroscopes, typically fiberāoptic gyroscopes (FOGs), are of particular interest due to the lack of the ālockāinā effect, which is the most detrimental effect in active laser systems. Still, the current data acquisition rate of modern FOGs cannot satisfy emerging applications, particularly for autonomous navigation. Herein, a novel interferometric FOG, based on the measurements of ultrashort pulse phase via the dispersive Fourier transformation, is presented, demonstrating the highest upātoādate acquisition rate of 15 MHz. This setup is insensitive to the timing jitter and the fluctuations of the carrierāenvelope phase of the pulses. The singleāshot resolution of the phase retrieval is 7.3 mrad, which corresponds to a time shift of 8.7 attoseconds. As a confirmation of the highāspeed performance, movements of a stepper motor are recorded with an angular velocity resolution of 0.33 mdeg sā1 and a bias instability of 0.06 deg hā1 at acquisition time of 17.07 Ī¼s. The proposed method can facilitate various phase measurements at a high repetition rate and is not limited only to gyroscopic applications
Isolator-free switchable uni- and bidirectional hybrid mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser
An Erbium-doped fibre ring laser hybrid mode-locked with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and nonlinear polarisation evolution (NPE) without an optical isolator has been investigated for various cavity conditions. Precise control of the state of polarisation (SOP) in the cavity ensures different losses for counter-propagating optical fields. As the result, the laser operates in quasi-unidirectional regime in both clockwise (CW) and counter-clockwise (CCW) directions with the emission strengths difference of the directions of 22 dB. Furthermore, by adjusting the net birefringence in the cavity, the laser can operate in a bidirectional generation. In this case, a laser pumped with 75 mW power at 980 nm generates almost identical 790 and 570 fs soliton pulses with an average power of 1.17 and 1.11 mW. The operation stability and pulse quality of the soliton pulses in both unidirectional regimes are highly competitive with those generated in conventional ring fibre lasers with isolator in the cavity. Demonstrated bidirectional laser operation can find vital applications in gyroscopes or precision rotation sensing technologies