461 research outputs found
Ethnic stereotypesβ reflection by means of modern cinematography
The aim of the research work is to identify the specifics of auto and hetero stereotypes about Americans and Russians on the example of modern cinema in the USA and Russia. It is established that the specificity of ethnic stereotypes represented by modern films of the USA and Russia depends on the culture of the society, the conditions of its development, the depth of contacts between ethnic groups in the process of historical developmen
Effects of doping and epitaxy on optical behavior of NaNbO3 films
Cube-on-cube epitaxy of perovskite sub-cell of Pr-doped and undoped NaNbO3 is obtained in 130-nm-thick films on top of (La0.18Sr0.82)(Al0.59Ta0.41)O3 (001) substrates. Experimental studies show that the edge of optical absorption red-shifts and some interband transitions change in the films compared to crystals. Bright red luminescence is achieved at room-temperature under ultraviolet excitation in the Pr-doped film. An interband mechanism of luminescence excitation is detected in the film, which is in contrast to the intervalence charge transfer mechanism in the crystal. The results are discussed in terms of epitaxially induced changes of crystal symmetry and ferroelectric polarization in the films. It is suggested that the band structure and interband transitions in NaNbO3and the transition probabilities in the Pr ions can be significantly modified by these changes.Peer reviewe
Genome sequences of Acholeplasma laidlawii strains differing in sensitivity to ciprofloxacin
Β© 2017 Medvedeva et al. Acholeplasma laidlawii is a well-suited model for study of the molecular basis of the adaptation of mollicutes to environmental conditions. Here we present the whole-genome sequences of four strains of A. laidlawii with differential sensitivity to ciprofloxacin
Phytopathogenicity of avian mycoplasma Mycoplasma gallisepticum S6: Morphologic and ultracytostructural changes in plants infected with the vegetative forms and the viable but nonculturable forms of the bacterium
The data obtained in this study proved that Mycoplasma gallisepticum S6 known as avian pathogen had a phytopathogenic potential. The vegetative forms and the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) forms of this mycoplasma could infect the plants via an assemblage of rootlets, invade different tissues, persist there and cause destructive events characteristic to phytomycoplasmoses. In comparison with the vegetative forms, the VBNC forms induced more prominent destructive changes. This phenomenon might be connected to increasing expression of proteins responsible for virulence in the bacterial cells. The fact that M. gallisepticum S6 could demonstrate virulent features (infectivity, invasiveness, persistence and toxigenicity) in regard to plants seems to require a development of new ways for controlling phytomycoplasmoses taking into account the probable presence of asymptomatic carriers of this bacterium. Β© 2009 Elsevier GmbH
Adaptation of mycoplasmas to antimicrobial agents: Acholeplasma laidlawii extracellular vesicles mediate the export of ciprofloxacin and a mutant gene related to the antibiotic target
This study demonstrated that extracellular membrane vesicles are involved with the development of resistance to fluoroquinolones by mycoplasmas (class Mollicutes). This study assessed the differences in susceptibility to ciprofloxacin among strains of Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8. The mechanisms of mycoplasma resistance to antibiotics may be associated with a mutation in a gene related to the target of quinolones, which could modulate the vesiculation level. A. laidlawii extracellular vesicles mediated the export of the nucleotide sequences of the antibiotic target gene as well as the traffic of ciprofloxacin. These results may facilitate the development of effective approaches to control mycoplasma infections, as well as the contamination of cell cultures and vaccine preparations. Β© 2014 Elena S. Medvedeva et al
Genomic and proteomic profiles of Acholeplasma laidlawii strains differing in sensitivity to ciprofloxacin
Β© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.As a result of comparative analysis of complete genomes as well as cell and vesicular proteomes of A. laidlawii strains differing in sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, it was first shown that the mycoplasma resistance to the antibiotic is associated with the reorganization of genomic and proteomic profiles, which concerns many genes and proteins involved in fundamental cellular processes and realization of bacterial virulence
Antimicrobial resistance in mollicutes: Known and newly emerging mechanisms
Β© FEMS 2018. All rights reserved. This review is devoted to the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in mollicutes (class Bacilli, subclass Mollicutes), the smallest self-replicating bacteria, that can cause diseases in plants, animals and humans, and also contaminate cell cultures and vaccine preparations. Research in this area has been mainly based on the ubiquitous mollicute and the main contaminant of cell cultures, Acholeplasma laidlawii. The omics technologies applied to this and other bacteria have yielded a complex picture of responses to antimicrobials, including their removal from the cell, the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes and mutations that potentially allow global reprogramming of many cellular processes. This review provides a brief summary of well-known resistance mechanisms that have been demonstrated in several mollicutes species and, in more detail, novel mechanisms revealed in A. laidlawii, including the least explored vesicle-mediated transfer of short RNAs with a regulatory potency. We hope that this review highlights new avenues for further studies on antimicrobial resistance in these bacteria for both a basic science and an application perspective of infection control and management in clinical and research/production settings
INFLUENCE OF REGIME FACTORS ON EFFECTIVENESS OF GTU PERFORMANCE
In the work influence of regime factors on of GTU performance is considered. The analysis of efficiency of simple cycle GTU and cycle with intermediate cooling depending on ambient temperature, pressure ratio of air in the compressor is made. It is shown that with increase in pressure ratio, temperature of the GT exhaust gases decreases that leads in the case of the gas turbine operation as a part of the combined cycle to decrease in efficiency of the CCGT owing to decrease in potential of the GT exhaust gases.Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΠ’Π£. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ’Π£ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π°, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ’ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ£ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ’
ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ€ΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ― ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ Π ΠΠ«Π‘ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ Π‘ΠΠ Π Π‘ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ Π₯Π ΠΠΠΠ’Π-ΠΠΠ‘Π‘-Π‘ΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠ
For the first time the molecular impurity composition of high-purity sulfur was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The sample preparation consisted of extracting the impurities from the sulfur samples during their vacuum distillation. The sample mass of sulfur, which was used for the extraction, was up to 1 kg. Impurities were condensed in glass ampoules which then carried them to the inlet in the dosing system of gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. For their separation, GS-GasPro capillary adsorption columns with a modified silica gel sorbent and with polytrimethylsilylpropyne were used. The joint application of these columns made it possible to determine a wide range of impurity substances in sulfur. Identification of impurities was carried out by comparing their experimental mass spectra with the data from the NIST database. In the case of overlapping chromatographic peaks of impurities their identification was carried out according to the characteristic ions and subtracting the peaks of ions that belong to the adjacent component. It was found that, when using the column with polytrimethylsilylpropyne, oxygen and nitrogen containing organic substances elute in asymmetric peaks with a steep front and a diffused rear. In high purity sulfur the impurities of permanent gases, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, Ρarbonyl sulphide, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons C2-C8, aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygen-, nitrogen-, sulfur-containing hydrocarbons were identified. The total number of identified impurities equaled to 51.Keywords: high-purity sulfur, impurities, identification, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, capillary columnDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2017.21.3.005Β Π.Iu. Sozin, M.F. Churbanov, Π.Iu. Chernova, T.G. Sorochkina, I.V. Skripachev, G.E. SnopatinΒ G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Science, Tropinina Str., 49, Nizhny Novgood, 603950,Β Russian FederationΒ Β ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΎ 1 ΠΊΠ³. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΌΠΏΡΠ»Π°Ρ
, ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ GS-GasPro Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΒΠΊΠ°Π³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (ΠΠ’ΠΠ‘Π). Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΠ³ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°Π·Ρ NIST. Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄- ΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ»ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ. Π Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ², Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π‘2βΠ‘8, Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄-, Π°Π·ΠΎΡ-, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ 51.ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ, ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2017.21.3.00
TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION WASTE CARBONIZATION AS A METHOD FOR CO2 SEQUESTRATION
The problems of sequestration of harmful emissions are considered. The prospects for the development of mineral carbonization technology for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and sequestration are analyzed. The article describes the advantages of this direction. The most promising industries are considered from the point of view of waste carbonization as a result of CO2 absorption by them.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π° (Π‘Π2). Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π‘Π2
- β¦