341 research outputs found
Socio-technocratic discourse of technoscience
The paper is focused on specific features of social science development on new stage defined as postnonclassical paradigm of social sciences. Specific features of knowledge acquiring and development in postnonclassical paradigm of social sciences are revealed. It is highlighted that postnonclassical paradigm of scientificity correlates with the stage called βtechnoscienceβ. It is proved that in frames of the present system of scientific knowledge classification (classical, nonclassical and postnonclassical scientific paradigms) that includes natural, social and technical sciences, technoscience cannot be referred to any of these types of knowledge. Technoscience represents new concept of knowledge production, new socio-technocratic discourse. The specific character of technoscience is in the fact that its objects are not objective reality in Cartesian dualistic worldview, but so called βhuman-dimensionβ objects. New stage of integration of science and society is characterized by new methodology of transdisciplinary research. Transdisciplinary research in comparison with interdisciplinary are distinguished by gateway to life practice; it is socially allocated production of knowledge. Knowledge is produced not only in context of inventions and fundamental rationales, but as well in context of assessment of application consequences (social assessment of technology). In is highlighted that technoscience refers to activity in frames of which science and technology make a sort of mixture or hybrid. Technoscience can be interpreted as specifically contemporary phenomenon, social technology in its own way
Paradigm of technoscience and responsible research and innovation approach
The paper gives comparative analysis of the three priority phenomena of the contemporary science
Analysis of the influence of the import substitution on the competitiveness of the agricultural production in Belgorod region
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΠΠ΅Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ
The change of surface wind in the north Western Siberia since 1966
The statistical analysis of near-surface wind characteristics has been performed in the territory of the North of Western Siberia. The conclusion on wind speed decrease of different intensity for different directions and increase of calmness frequency is made. The maximum changes in wind speed are observed in winter and summer seasons, in transitional seasons these values are lower. The most intensive changes in wind direction frequency occur in summer; the less intensive ones are typical for winter
Π€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠ° Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π§Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ (ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅)
The methodology. Comparative legal, historical and analytical scientific methods were used. The main results, scope of application. Formation of financial-legal theory in both countries took place under the circumstances of political changes. In relation to the Czechoslovak Republic, the attention is focused on the period from the formation of the Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 to the formation of the Czech Republic in 1993, and the main emphasis isΒ made on the period of the 21st century. Periodization of financial law and financial science, and also the system of financial law considers the teaching of financial law and financial science at the Faculty of Law, Charles University. The study also characterizes the process of development of financial law and financial science in pre-revolutionary Russia, highlights the Soviet period of development of financial law, focuses on the problems of development of modern financial law. Periodization of financial law, as well as the system of financial law, are presented from the perspective of teaching of the subject of financial law at the faculties of law. The authors suppose that the modern system of financial law and financial science has retained the original division into two parts, general and specific. All sub-branches of the special part of financial law may be divided into three main blocks: (1) sub-branches of the fiscal part of financial law; (2) sub-branches of the non-fiscal part of financial law; common sub-branches of the non-fiscal part of financial law.Conclusions. The hypothesis about the unity of the principles of financial law and financial science, and public finance as the main category, as well as about the independence of this branch of public law was confirmed during the study. Due to the growing volume of legal regulation in both countries, the historical division of the financial law system is not enough, there is an extensive fragmentation of division in the financial law system. We are observing the emergence of new sub-branches, which are likely to tend to the formation of new branches.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π§Π΅Ρ
ΠΈΠΈ. Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π² Π§Π΅Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² 1918 Π³. ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π§Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² 1993 Π³., Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ XXI Π². ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°, Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΎ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π» ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ
A late origin of the extant eukaryotic diversity: divergence time estimates using rare genomic changes
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Accurate estimation of the divergence time of the extant eukaryotes is a fundamentally important but extremely difficult problem owing primarily to gross violations of the molecular clock at long evolutionary distances and the lack of appropriate calibration points close to the date of interest. These difficulties are intrinsic to the dating of ancient divergence events and are reflected in the large discrepancies between estimates obtained with different approaches. Estimates of the age of Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA) vary approximately twofold, from ~1,100 million years ago (Mya) to ~2,300 Mya.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We applied the genome-wide analysis of rare genomic changes associated with conserved amino acids (RGC_CAs) and used several independent techniques to obtain date estimates for the divergence of the major lineages of eukaryotes with calibration intervals for insects, land plants and vertebrates. The results suggest an early divergence of monocot and dicot plants, approximately 340 Mya, raising the possibility of plant-insect coevolution. The divergence of bilaterian animal phyla is estimated at ~400-700 Mya, a range of dates that is consistent with cladogenesis immediately preceding the Cambrian explosion. The origin of opisthokonts (the supergroup of eukaryotes that includes metazoa and fungi) is estimated at ~700-1,000 Mya, and the age of LECA at ~1,000-1,300 Mya. We separately analyzed the red algal calibration interval which is based on single fossil. This analysis produced time estimates that were systematically older compared to the other estimates. Nevertheless, the majority of the estimates for the age of the LECA using the red algal data fell within the 1,200-1,400 Mya interval.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The inference of a "young LECA" is compatible with the latest of previously estimated dates and has substantial biological implications. If these estimates are valid, the approximately 1 to 1.4 billion years of evolution of eukaryotes that is open to comparative-genomic study probably was preceded by hundreds of millions years of evolution that might have included extinct diversity inaccessible to comparative approaches.</p> <p>Reviewers</p> <p>This article was reviewed by William Martin, Herve Philippe (nominated by I. King Jordan), and Romain Derelle.</p
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