Multimodal Man-machine Interface and Virtual Reality for Assistive Medical Systems

The results of research the intelligence multimodal man-machine interface and virtual reality means for assistive medical systems including computers and mechatronic systems (robots) are discussed. The gesture translation for disability peoples, the learning-by-showing technology and virtual operating room with 3D visualization are presented in this report and were announced at International exhibition "Intelligent and Adaptive Robots–2005"

Cold black holes and conformal continuations

We study Einstein gravity minimally coupled to a scalar field in a static, spherically symmetric space-time in four dimensions. Black hole solutions are shown to exist for a phantom scalar field whose kinetic energy is negative. These ``scalar black holes'' have an infinite horizon area and zero Hawking temperature and are termed ``cold black holes'' (CBHs). The relevant explicit solutions are well-known in the massless case (the so-called anti-Fisher solution), and we have found a particular example of a CBH with a nonzero potential $V(\phi)$. All CBHs with $V(\phi) \not \equiv 0$ are shown to behave near the horizon quite similarly to those with a massless field. The above solutions can be converted by a conformal transformation to Jordan frames of a general class of scalar-tensor theories of gravity, but CBH horizons in one frame are in many cases converted to singularities in the other, which gives rise to a new type of conformal continuation.Comment: 15 pages, late

CONSTRUCTION OF BLACK HOLES AND WORMHOLES IN BRANE-WORLD

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СПЕКТРОФОТОМЕТРИЧНЕ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ НІТРОФУРАЛУ В БАГАТОКОМПОНЕНТНОМУ СПРЕЇ

The aim of the work. Development of spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative determination of nitrofural in a multicomponent nasal spray of antihistamine action of extemporaneous manufacture. Materials and Methods. Extemporaneous dosage form was chosen as the material for the study: "Allergy Spray" (manufactured by Leda LLC, Kharkiv). The model mixtures were prepared using the substances nitrofural, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, phenylephrine hydrochloride and sodium chloride, which were used in the manufacture of the dosage form with the appropriate quality certificates. The study was carried out using an AXIS analytical balance (Poland), a SHIMADZU UV-2600 spectrophotometer, a pH meter (pH-150 MI), class A measuring utensils and reagents that meet the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (SPU). Results and Discussion. Two simple, specific, easy, correct and precise spectrophotometric methods were first developed for the study of nitrofural in combination, without prior separation of the components of the spray under study. It is proposed to use the method of absorption spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet region in aqueous medium based on the intrinsic absorption of the compound at 375 nm and the method of absorption spectrophotometry in the visible region in the medium of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution at a wavelength of 445 nm. The obedience to the basic law of light absorption of nitrofural solutions in both media is observed within the concentration of the compound from 0.0016 mg/ml to 0.0160 mg/ml. The obtained validation characteristics indicate that the proposed spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative determination of nitrofural in the studied multicomponent dosage form meet the parameters of correctness, accuracy, linearity (=1.60 ≤ max=3.20, d=0.33% and 0.09 ≤ maxd = 1.02, a=0.04 and 1.38  max a=5.12, r = 0.9999  min r=0.9924). Conclusions. Develop the spectrophotometric methods for the determination of nitrofural in a combination drug product in the form of a spray. It has been proved that the proposed spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative determination of nitrofural in a multicomponent drug product are valid in terms of such validation characteristics as linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness.Мета роботи. Розробка спектрофотометричних методик кількісного визначення нітрофуралу у назальному багатокомпонентному спреї антигістамінної дії екстемпорального виготовлення. Матеріали і методи. Матеріалом для дослідження обрана лікарська форма екстемпорального виготовлення: «Спрей від алергії» (виробник ТОВ «Леда», м. Харків). Модельні суміші готували із субстанцій: нітрофуралу, дифенгідраміну гідрохлориду, фенілефрину гідрохлориду і натрію хлориду, які були використані при виготовленні лікарської форми. У роботі використані: аналітична вага AXIS (Польща), спектрофотометр UV-2600 SHIMADZU, рН-метр (рН-150 МИ), мірний посуд класу А і реактиви, що відповідають вимогам Державної Фармакопеї України (ДФУ). Результати і обговорення. Вперше були розроблен дві прості, специфічні, легкі, правильні та прецизійні методики для визначення нітрофуралу без попереднього розділення складових досліджуваного спрею. Для визначення кількісного вмісту нітрофуралу в присутності фенілефрину гідрохлориду, дифенгідраміну гідрохлориду і натрію хлориду використовувати метод абсорбційної спектрофотометрії в ультрафіолетовій ділянці у водному середовищі за власним поглинанням сполуки за довжини хвилі 375 нм і метод абсорбційної спектрофотометрії у видимій ділянці у середовищі 0,1 М розчину натрію гідроксиду за довжини хвилі 445 нм. Підпорядкування основному закону світлопоглинання розчинів нітрофуралу у обох середовищах спостерігається в межах концентрації сполуки від 0,0016 мг/мл до 0,0160 мг/мл. Отримані валідаційні характеристики свідчать про те, що запропоновані спектрофотометричні методики кількісного визначення нітрофуралу в досліджуваній багатокомпонентній лікарській формі за правильністю, прецизійністю, лінійністю (=1.60 ≤ max=3.20, d=0.33% та 0.09 ≤ maxd = 1.02, a=0.04 та 1.38  max a=5.12, r = 0.9999  min r=0.9924) є придатними для контролю вмісту нітрофуралу у досліджуваному багатокомпонентному спреї. Висновки. Розроблено спектрофотометричні методики для визначення нітрофуралу у комбінованому лікарському засобі у формі спрею. Доведено, що за такими валідаційними характеристиками, як лінійність, прецизійність, правильність та робасність запропоновані спектрофотометричні методики кількісного визначення нітрофуралу у багатокомпонентному лікарському засобі є валідними

Bacterial flora of the eyelids and conjunctiva in the development of inflammatory pathology in the anterior part of the eye

E.A. Kleshcheva1,2, G.M. Chernakova2, N.V. Melnikova1,2, A.E. Kleshchev1 1Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation 2S.P. Botkin Moscow Multidisciplinary Scientific and Clinical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation The article explores the role concerning the normal microflora of the conjunctiva and eyelids in the pathogenesis of bacterial inflammation in the anterior eye segment. The normal microflora plays a crucial protective role by preventing colonization by pathogenic microorganisms and helping to maintain ocular homeostasis. However, disruptions in the quantity or composition of this microflora can contribute to the development of various conditions, including conjunctivitis, keratitis, and blepharitis. The article highlights that in autochthonous microorganisms — those naturally present in the ocular microflora, such as staphylococci and streptococci — are commonly implicated not only in infections of the anterior segment but also in severe postoperative complications that can threaten a patient's vision. Surgical trauma or other disruptions of the anatomical integrity of the ocular membranes can facilitate the penetration of microorganisms fr om the eyelids or conjunctiva into the eye's internal structures. Key issues surrounding the preoperative preparation of ophthalmic patients are discussed, with a particular focus on the importance of microbial management. The article also examines the role of netilmicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, in both treating bacterial eye infections and preoperative preparation. Netilmicin's benefits over other antibiotics are highlighted, especially its low cytotoxicity to the corneal epithelium and conjunctiva. The antibiotic demonstrates broad-spectrum efficacy against gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, including those commonly found in the conjunctival sac and on the eyelids. In conclusion, the article underscores the potential of netilmicin as a valuable option for empirical therapy in ocular infections. Its efficacy, safety, and broad-spectrum activity make it well-suited for cases wh ere a powerful and non-toxic antibiotic is required. Keywords: conjunctival microflora, eyelid microflora, bacterial infection, conjunctivitis, endophthalmitis, antibiotics, netilmicin. For citation: Kleshcheva E.A., Chernakova G.M., Melnikova N.V., Kleshchev A.E. Bacterial flora of the eyelids and conjunctiva in the development of inflammatory pathology in the anterior part of the eye. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2024;24(4):211–216 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2024-24-4-8 </p

Multiple and complex eye injuries in children

G.Sh. Arzhimatova1,2, O.V. Karaseva3, E.A. Koroleva3, G.M. Chernakova2 1Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow,&nbsp;&nbsp; Russian Federation 2S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation 3Research Institute for Children's Emergency Surgery and Trauma, Moscow, Russian Federation Aim: to identify the medical and epidemiological hallmarks of eye damage in children with complex and multiple injuries in a specialized surgical department. Patients and Methods: this study included 403 children aged 1 month to 18 years with eye injuries associated with multiple or complex injuries of varying severity on the day before hospital admission. All children were admitted between 2014 and 2020. The following data were evaluated: patient's age, gender, severity of complex trauma based on the ISS score, cause of trauma, combination of anatomical areas involved. Results: among children with mechanical complex eye injuries, 255 (63%) were boys and 148 (37%) were girls. The mean age of boys was 10.2±0.34 years, and the mean age of girls was 8.5±0.42 years. Furthermore, more than half (67.5%) of those included in the study were school-aged children and adolescents. The most common types of injuries were those resulting from falls from height, school, sports, gunshot/mine blast, and street incidents. In more than half of the children (n=227, 56.4%), orbital traumas affecting the walls and/or content were reported. The most common type of eye damage was a complex damage to the orbit and ocular adnexa (most often as a periorbital hematoma). The percentage of children with multiple fractures of the orbital walls increases with an increase in the severity of polytrauma. Conclusions: children most often received mechanical complex eye injuries as a result of road traffic accidents. The percentage of children with minor, moderate, and severe complex injuries (assessed by the ISS) was 47.1%, 18.4%, and 33.5%, respectively. Orbital fractures are the most common surgical entities in children with complex mechanical eye injuries. Unilateral orbital fractures were diagnosed in 56.4% of cases, while bilateral orbital fractures were diagnosed in 17.9%. In the majority of instances, mechanical complex eye injuries are associated with traumatic brain injury (99%). Keywords: complex eye injuries, multiple injury, combined injury, mechanical complex eye injury, orbital fracture, orbital injury, morbidity pattern, damage to eye. For citation: Arzhimatova G.Sh., Karaseva O.V., Koroleva E.A., Chernakova G.M. Multiple and complex eye injuries in children. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2024;24(2):78–82 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2024-24-2-6. </p

Modeling and control of robot manipulators with the constraints at the moving objects

In this paper a method of constructing a model of control over compliant motion of robot manipulators is considered. In this method the elastic deformations of flexible manipulators elements are used as feedback signals. © 2015 IEEE