Modeling of some nonstationary processes in tokamak plasmas

The results of modeling of shots from two series of experiments in two tokamaks with rather different geometric parameters are presented. The first one includes two shots from the spherical tokamak MAST with current ramp up, and the second one, a number of T-10 shots with periodic gas puffing. The modeling was performed with the ASTRA code in the framework of Canonical Profiles Transport Model (CPTM).Представлены результаты моделирования импульсов из двух серий экспериментов на двух разных токамаках, существенно отличающихся геометрическими параметрами. Первая серия включает два импульса с нарастанием тока сферического токамака MAST, а вторая – несколько импульсов Т-10 с периодическим газонапуском. Моделирование осуществлялось с помощью кода ASTRA в рамках транспортной модели канонических профилей (ТМКП).Представлені результати моделювання імпульсів з двох серій експериментів на двох різних токамаках, що істотно відрізняються геометричними параметрами. Перша серія включає два імпульси з наростанням струму сферичного токамака МАST, а друга – декілька імпульсів Т-10 з періодичним газонапуском. Моделювання здійснювалося за допомогою коду ASTRA в рамках транспортної моделі канонічних профілів (ТМКП)

The state and prospects for the utilization of geothermal resources in the Russian Federation

The article presents the assessments of Russian geothermal resources and prospects of their development. The world experiences in the geothermal energy utilization have been analyzed. Based on numerous publications present classifications of geothermal resources have been considered, as well as advantage of their usage

The use of modeling in drawing up guidelines for the exploitation of the Khankalageothermal field (Chechen Republic)

International audienceNowadays, geothermal waters have become an important form of energy and manyresearchers have put to the forefront the issue of “sustainability” of the geothermalreservoir development. Reinjection of the used fluid during exploitation allowsminimizing the possible negative effect on the environment and maintaining thereservoir pressure and therefore the initial high flow rates. However, it has a majordisadvantage—a gradual temperature decrease in an aquifer, which needs to be takeninto account. The most effective methods assessing this disadvantage are based onnumerical modeling, which has been actively implemented in all areas of science. Inthe current paper, mathematical modeling is applied for the Khankala geothermalfield in the Chechen Republic to forecast changes in the temperature regime of theresource and define the optimal exploitation scenario to achieve its sustainabledevelopment

Gut as a target for cadmium toxicity

The primary objective of the present study was to review the impact of Cd exposure on gut microbiota and intestinal physiology, as well as to estimate whether gut may be considered as the target for Cd toxicity. The review is based on literature search in available databases. The existing data demonstrate that the impact of Cd on gut physiology is two-sided. First, Cd exposure induces a significant alteration of bacterial populations and their relative abundance in gut (increased Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio), accompanied by increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production, reflecting changed metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiome. Second, in intestinal wall Cd exposure induces inflammatory response and cell damage including disruption of tight junctions, ultimately leading to increased gut permeability. Together with increased LPS production, impaired barrier function causes endotoxinemia and systemic inflammation. Hypothetically, Cd-induced increase gut permeability may also result in increased bacterial translocation. On the one hand, bacteriolysis may be associated with aggravation of endotoxemia. At the same time, together with Cd-induced impairment of macrophage inflammatory response, increased bacterial translocation may result in increased susceptibility to infections. Such a supposition is generally in agreement with the finding of higher susceptibility of Cd-exposed mice to infections. The changed microbiome metabolic activity and LPS-induced systemic inflammation may have a significant impact on target organs. The efficiency of probiotics in at least partial prevention of the local (intestinal) and systemic toxic effects of cadmium confirms the role of altered gut physiology in Cd toxicity. Therefore, probiotic treatment may be considered as the one of the strategies for prevention of Cd toxicity in parallel with chelation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory therapy. It is hypothesized that increased gut permeability, altered gut microbiota, endotoxinemia, and impaired inflammatory response may at least partially mediate the toxic effects of Cd exposure. © 2018 Elsevier Lt

Gut as a target for cadmium toxicity

The primary objective of the present study was to review the impact of Cd exposure on gut microbiota and intestinal physiology, as well as to estimate whether gut may be considered as the target for Cd toxicity. The review is based on literature search in available databases. The existing data demonstrate that the impact of Cd on gut physiology is two-sided. First, Cd exposure induces a significant alteration of bacterial populations and their relative abundance in gut (increased Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio), accompanied by increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production, reflecting changed metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiome. Second, in intestinal wall Cd exposure induces inflammatory response and cell damage including disruption of tight junctions, ultimately leading to increased gut permeability. Together with increased LPS production, impaired barrier function causes endotoxinemia and systemic inflammation. Hypothetically, Cd-induced increase gut permeability may also result in increased bacterial translocation. On the one hand, bacteriolysis may be associated with aggravation of endotoxemia. At the same time, together with Cd-induced impairment of macrophage inflammatory response, increased bacterial translocation may result in increased susceptibility to infections. Such a supposition is generally in agreement with the finding of higher susceptibility of Cd-exposed mice to infections. The changed microbiome metabolic activity and LPS-induced systemic inflammation may have a significant impact on target organs. The efficiency of probiotics in at least partial prevention of the local (intestinal) and systemic toxic effects of cadmium confirms the role of altered gut physiology in Cd toxicity. Therefore, probiotic treatment may be considered as the one of the strategies for prevention of Cd toxicity in parallel with chelation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory therapy. It is hypothesized that increased gut permeability, altered gut microbiota, endotoxinemia, and impaired inflammatory response may at least partially mediate the toxic effects of Cd exposure. © 2018 Elsevier Lt

Dataset for transcriptome analysis of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain 14028S response to starvation

© 2020 The Author(s) Salmonella enterica is an ubiquitous pathogen throughout the world causing gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Survival of pathogenic bacteria in the external environment may be associated with the ability to overcome the stress caused by starvation. The bacterial response to starvation is well understood in laboratory cultures with a sufficiently high cell density. However, bacterial populations often have a small size when facing this challenge in natural biotopes. The aim of this work was to find out if there are differences in the transcriptomes of S. enterica depending on the factor of cell density during starvation. Here we present transcriptome data of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. 14028S grown in carbon rich or carbon deficient medium with high or low cell density. These data will help identify genes involved in adaptation of low-density bacterial populations to starvation conditions