Finite Volume Cumulant Expansion in QCD-Colorless Plasma

Due to the finite size effects, the localisation of the phase transition in finite systems and the determination of its order, become an extremely difficult task, even in the simplest known cases. In order to identify and locate the finite volume transition point $T_{0}(V)$ of the QCD deconfinement phase transition to a Colorless QGP, we have developed a new approach using the finite size cumulant expansion of the order parameter and the $L_{mn}$-method. The first six cumulants $C_{1,2,3,4,5,6}$ with the corresponding under-normalized ratios(skewness $\Sigma$, kurtosis $\kappa$ ,pentosis $\Pi_{\pm}$ and hexosis $\mathcal{H}_{1,2,3}$) and three unnormalized combinations of them ($\mathcal{O}={\mathcal{\sigma }^{2} \mathcal{\kappa } }{\mathbf{\Sigma }^{-1} }$, $\mathcal{U} ={\mathcal{\sigma }^{-2} \mathbf{\Sigma }^{-1} }$, $\mathcal{N} = \mathcal{\sigma }^{2} \mathcal{\kappa }$) are calculated and studied as functions of $(T,V)$. A new approach, unifying in a clear and consistent way the definitions of cumulant ratios, is proposed. A numerical FSS analysis of the obtained results has allowed us to locate accurately the finite volume transition point. The extracted transition temperature value $T_{0}(V)$ agrees with that expected $T_{0}^{N}(V)$ from the order parameter and the thermal susceptibility $\chi _{T}\left( T,V\right)$, according to the standard procedure of localization to within about $2\%$. In addition to this, a very good correlation factor is obtained proving the validity of our cumulants method. The agreement of our results with those obtained by means of other models is remarkable.Comment: 19 pages,14 figues, figures 4,5,6 figures are oversized, therefore, can be obtained directly from [email protected],Accepted for publication in EPJ

Tunis's New Mosques Constructed Between 1975 and 1995: Morphological Knowledge

The mosque has always been a prominent unit that used to structure the old Islamic cites. Its architecture through the Muslim world has always aroused the interest of many researchers. Actually, mosques are still built while undergoing the changes which occurred on the modern societies. However, only few research who have been interested in the new mosques. This paper targets the architecture of mosques built in Tunis governorate between 1975 and 1995. Through a morphological analysis of 24 mosques we were able to determine their identity and their morphological structure. According to their form and position, we discovered classes of specimen and classes of segments. Our corpus presents several constants and variations that we can explain though the introduction of some extrinsic attributes. In fact, these architectural objects possess some morphological specifications related to some urban, functional and historical factors

Antimicrobial resistance patterns and transferable traits in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from poultry in Tlemcen, Algeria

Background: Antibiotics are overused in poultry industry, and this has resulted in the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The current study is aimed at determining antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of Enterobacteriaceae isolates from poultry in the west of Algeria.Methodology: Different chicken samples (kidney, bone and intestine) were collected and processed for culture using standard microbiological methods to isolate Enterobacteriaceae. Isolates were identified biochemically using API 20E, while isolated Escherichia coli was typed for O1, O2 and O78 antigens using slide agglutination with specific antisera. All identified isolates were tested against 26 antibiotic disks using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method according to the CLSI standards. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of chloramphenicol, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined for selected isolates. Conjugative plasmid transfer, plasmid incompatibility and colicin tests were used to detect transferable resistance traits in 48 selected E. coli isolates.Results: One hundred and thirty-eight bacteria species were isolated, which included Escherichia coli (n=107), Salmonella spp (n=11), Klebsiella spp (n=8), Enterobacter spp (n=7), Pseudomonas spp (n=3) and Citrobacter spp (n=2). Serotyping identified 24 agglutinable E. coli isolates with O78:K80 (n=11), O1:K1 (n=9) and O2:K1 (n=4). Antibiotic susceptibility showed high frequency of E. coli resistance to nalidixic acid (89.7%), tetracycline (82.2%), streptomycin (82.2%), nitrofurantoin (68.2%), ampicillin (45.8%), ticarcillin (44.9%), piperacillin(42.1%), and chloramphenicol (15.9%). The percentage of multi-drug resistance isolates (resistance to more than 3 antibiotic classes) was 87.9%. The results of conjugative transfer in 48 E. coli isolates shows that the most important resistance traits transferred by plasmids are ASTeSuTmp (18.5%) and SuTmp (12.3%).Conclusion: This study confirmed the presence of multiple antibiotic resistant E. coli and other members of family Enterobacteriaceae in poultry in Algeria, and showed that these antibiotic resistance traits are easily disseminated by plasmids, with dire consequences on human health. Keywords : Poultry, Enterobacteriaceae, antimicrobial resistance, conjugation, plasmid.   French title:  Profils de résistance aux antimicrobiens et caractères transférables des isolats d'entérobactéries provenant de volailles à Tlemcen, Algérie   Contexte: Les antibiotiques sont surutilisés dans l'industrie de la volaille, ce qui a entraîné l'émergence de bactéries multirésistantes (MDR). L'étude actuelle vise à déterminer les profils de résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) des isolats d'Enterobacteriaceae provenant de volailles dans l'ouest de l'Algérie.  Méthodologie: Différents échantillons de poulet (rein, os et intestin) ont été prélevés et traités pour la culture en utilisant des méthodes microbiologiques standard pour isoler les Enterobacteriaceae. Les isolats ont été identifiés biochimiquement en utilisant l'API 20E, tandis que Escherichia coli isolé a été typé pour les antigènes O1, O2 et O78 en utilisant l'agglutination sur lame avec des antisérums spécifiques. Tous les isolats identifiés ont été testés contre 26 disques antibiotiques en utilisant la méthode de diffusion sur disque de Kirby Bauer selon les normes CLSI. Les concentrations minimales inhibitrices (CMI) du chloramphénicol, de la tétracycline,de l'acide nalidixique, de l'ofloxacine et de la ciprofloxacine ont été déterminées pour certains isolats. Des tests de transfert plasmidique conjugatif, d'incompatibilité plasmidique et de colicine ont été utilisés pour détecter des traits de résistance transférables dans 48 isolats sélectionnés d'E. coli.Résultats: Cent trente-huit espèces de bactéries ont été isolées, parmi lesquelles Escherichia coli (n=107), Salmonella spp (n=11), Klebsiella spp (n=8), Enterobacter spp (n=7), Pseudomonas spp (n=3) et Citrobacter spp (n=2). Le sérotypage a identifié 24 isolats d'E. coli agglutinables avec O78: K80 (n=11), O1: K1 (n=9) et O2: K1 (n=4). La sensibilité aux antibiotiques a montré une fréquence élevée de résistance d'E. coli à l'acide nalidixique (89,7%), à la tétracycline (82,2%), à la streptomycine (82,2%), à la nitrofurantoïne (68,2%), àl'ampicilline (45,8%), à la ticarcilline (44,9%), à la pipéracilline (42,1%) et le chloramphénicol (15,9%). Le pourcentage d'isolats de résistance multi-médicaments (résistance à plus de 3 classes d'antibiotiques) était de 87,9%. Les résultats du transfert conjugatif dans 48 isolats d'E. coli montrent que les traits de résistance les plus importants transférés par les plasmides sont ASTeSuTmp (18,5%) et SuTmp (12,3%).Conclusion: Cette étude a confirmé la présence de multiples E. coli résistants aux antibiotiques et d'autres membres de la famille des Enterobacteriaceae chez les volailles en Algérie et a montré que ces traits de résistance aux antibiotiques sont facilement disséminés par les plasmides, avec des conséquences désastreuses sur la santé humaine. Mots clés: volaille, entérobactéries, résistance aux antimicrobiens, conjugaison, plasmide

Fax from Julio A. Baez to M. Cherif Bassiouni, Subject: Cheques from UNOG

Fax from Julio A. Baez to M. Cherif Bassiouni, Subject: Cheques from UNOG, and requesting impressions of Commission\u27s mission to capitals of the Former Yugoslaviahttps://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/documents_780/1032/thumbnail.jp

Letter from the Office of the Tanaiste and Mister for Foreign Affiars of Ireland to M. Cherif Bassiouni

Response to M. Cherif Bassiouni\u27s invitation to the International Association of Penal Law\u27s XV International Congress of Penal Lawhttps://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/documents_780/1055/thumbnail.jp

Impact of Chemical Aging on the Fracture Resistance of Two Ceramic Materials: Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate and Lithium Disilicate Ceramics

BACKGROUND: The reason for the development of high strength zirconia is that zirconia offers enough high strength of about 1000 MPa and high strength glass ceramic in the range of 360–400 MPa, to provide safely ceramic options for many indications. AIM: This study aims to evaluate the fracture resistance of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) ceramic and lithium disilicate ceramic restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro study, forty crowns were fabricated by CAD/CAM technology, all samples were divided into two groups (n = 20) according to ceramic material used: Group Z ZLS ceramic (celtra due) and Group L lithium disilicate ceramic blocks (IPS E-MAX). Further subdivided into two subgroups according to the aging procedure (n = 10): (a) Subgroup – ZA: Aging. (b) Subgroup – ZB: No aging. (c) Subgroup – LA: Aging. (d) Subgroup – LB: No aging. All samples were subjected to universal testing machine (Instron) to evaluate the effect of the chemical aging on the fracture resistance. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: One-way ANOVA analysis was used to compare measurements among groups. RESULTS: ZLS showed higher fracture resistance than lithium disilicate, but there was no statistical difference between them. Aging affected on the fracture resistance of two different ceramic materials but within an acceptable range. CONCLUSION: ZLS gave rise to higher fracture resistance than lithium disilicate and aging decrease fracture resistance of both types of ceramic. The postulated hypothecs of this study were zirconia reinforced, lithium silicate will be higher fracture resistance than lithium disilicate, and chemical aging will have a huge effect

Austria Investigation Schedule

A schedule and local staff matters pertaining to the Austrian Investigationhttps://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/documents_780/1028/thumbnail.jp